Solar System

Option “D” is correct.
Eratosthenes actually calculated the circumference of the Earth. At noon on the summer solstice, Eratosthenes measured the length of the shadow cast by a column of known height at Alexandria.

Option “B” is correct.
The Earth’s equatorial diameter is 12,756 km, but from pole to pole, the diameter is 12,714 km, so there is a difference of 42 km . So 43 km can be considered as it it not exact so we can write it approximately 43 km.

Option “B” is correct.
Earth’s diameter at the Equator is about 12,756 kilometers (7,926 miles). At the poles, the diameter is about 12,714 kilometers (7,900 miles).

Option “A” is correct.
Spinning of Earth on its imaginary axis is known as Rotation. It takes 24 hrs and causes day and night. Revolution

Option “A” is correct.
earth is moving about our sun in a very nearly circular orbit. It covers this route at a speed of nearly 30 kilometers per second

Option “C” is correct.
aphelion, in astronomy, the point in the orbit of a planet, comet, or other body most distant from the Sun.

Option “B” is correct.
As the earth spins on its axis, producing night and day, it also moves about the sun in an elliptical (elongated circle) orbit that requires about 365 1/4 days to complete. The earth’s spin axis is tilted with respect to its orbital plane. This is what causes the seasons.

Option “A” is correct.
Aristotle in 340 B. C first stated that the earth was spherical in his book “On the Heaven”.
Aristotle was a Greek philosopher during the Classical period in Ancient Greece, the founder of the Lyceum and the Peripatetic school of philosophy and Aristotelian tradition. Along with his teacher Plato, he has been called the “Father of Western Philosophy”. 

Option “A” is correct.
The planet Earth’s axis is inclined at 23.5o. However, the angle varies since the gravitational pull of the Moon shifts it by almost a degree on either side. This tilt is responsible for the seasons on Earth.