451. Which ruler of Gupta Empire is also known as “Napoleon of India”?
1. Chandragupta I
2. Chandragupta II
3. Samudra Gupta
4. Srigupta
Option “3” is correct. Samudragupta (335-375 AD) of the Gupta dynasty is known as the Napoleon of India. Historian A V Smith called him so because of his great military conquests known from the ‘Prayag Prashati’ written by his courtier and poet Harisena, who also describes him as the hero of a hundred battles.
452. In India artillery was first used in the battle of-
1. Panipat
2. Talikot
3. Sialkot
4. Khanwa
Option “1” is correct. It was an important branch of Mughal army. Earlier Mughal rulers made good use of it. It was first used by Babur to achieve an empire Hindustan. Mughal artillery consisted of heavy cannons and light artillery.
453. In Mansabdari system the Commander-in-Chief of the Army was-
1. Mansabdar
2. Emperor
3. Prince
4. Dah Hazari
Option “2” is correct. Mansabdari System was a system introduced by Akbar for military administration and territorial commands (grant and revenue) to sustain parts of army. The Mansabdari system was borrowed from the system followed in Mongolia.
454. During Mughal rule, excellent cotton goods were woven in which one of the following centres?
1. Agra
2. Surat
3. Delhi
4. Calcutta
Option “1” is correct. At Agra, excellent cotton goods were woven.
455. The Prime Ministers who sent Cripps Mission to India is?
1. James Ramsay MacDonald
2. Stanley Baldwin
3. Neville Chamberlain
4. Winston Churchill
Option “4” is correct. The Cripps mission was an attempt in late March 1942 by the British government to secure full Indian cooperation and support for their efforts in World War II. The mission was headed by Sir Stafford Cripps, a senior left-wing politician and government minister in the War Cabinet of Prime Minister Winston Churchill.
456. Who among the following national leaders did not opt to defend the case dealing with the trail of the soldiers of the India National Army in 1945?
1. Tej Bahadur Sapru
2. Bhulabhai Desai
3. C. Rajagopalachari
4. Jawahar Lal Nehru
Option “3” is correct. Chakravarti Rajagopalachari informally called Rajaji or C.R., was an Indian politician, independence activist, lawyer, writer and statesman. Rajagopalachari was the last Governor-General of India.
457. Who among the following had headed the group of advocates to argue the case on behalf of the Indian National Army in 1946 in the Red Fort trails?
Option “1” is correct. Bhulabhai Desai was an Indian independence activist and acclaimed lawyer. He is well-remembered for his defence of the three Indian National Army soldiers accused of treason during World War II, and for attempting to negotiate a secret power-sharing agreement with Liaquat Ali Khan of the Muslim League.
458. The Buddhist Sect Mahayana formally came into existence during the reign of—
Option “4” is correct. Mahāyāna is one of the branches of Buddhism and a term for classification of Buddhist philosophies and practice. It come into existence during 1st B.C in India. According to the teachings of Mahāyāna traditions, “Mahāyāna” also refers to the path of the Bodhisattva seeking complete enlightenment for the benefit of all sentient beings.
459. The Mughal emperor who issued a Farman to English East India Company in 1717 to trade freely in Bengal is?
1. Farrukhsiyar
2. Bahadur Shah
3. Jahandar Shah
4. Shah Alam
Option “1” is correct. In 1717, Farrukhsiyar issued a farman giving the British East India Company the right to reside and trade in the Mughal kingdom. They were allowed to trade freely, except for a yearly payment of 3,000 rupees.
460. A large crowd gathered in the Jallianwala Bagh at Amritsar on April 13, 1919 to protest against the arrest of—
1. Swami Shradhanand and Mazharul Haq
2. Madan Mohan Malviya and Mohammad Ali Jinnah
3. Mahatma Gandhi and Abul Kalam Azad
4. Saifuddin Kitchlew and Dr. Satyapal
Option “4” is correct. The Jallianwala Bagh massacre, also known as the Amritsar massacre, took place on 13 April, 1919 when troops of the British Indian Army under the command of Colonel Reginald Dyer fired machine guns into a crowd of non-violent protesters. The civilians, in the majority Sikhs, had assembled to participate in the annual Baisakhi celebrations, a religious and cultural festival for Punjabi people and also to condemn the arrest and deportation of two national leaders, Satya Pal and Dr Saifuddin Kitchlew.
