Jharkhand

Bhukan Singh led the Chero Revolt (1800 – 1818 AD) in 1800 AD. Shiv Prasad Singh ruled the Palamu estate on behalf of the minor ‘Rajah’ Churaman Rai. on behalf of the minor ‘Rajah’ Churaman Rai.

Jharkhand’s first well-organized and widespread tribal revolt was the Kol uprising (1831 – 1832). This insurrection included tribes such as the Ho, Munda, Oraon, Chero, and Kharwar. Captain Wilkinson put down the rebellion in 1832.

One of the key motives behind the Birsa Munda movement was the notion of beth begari, or bonded labour. Forced labour is the main component of the Beth Begari system. As a result, the conflict began with the landlords and progressed to the ruling British authorities and Christian missionaries, who irritated the mundas with their excessive emphasis on conversion.

Babu is a nickname for Ram Narayan Singh. ‘Swaraj lut gaya’ was written by Ram Narayan Singh. He was elected as a member of parliament from the Chatra seat following independence. Rajendra Prasad bestowed the title of Chota Nagpur Kesan upon him.

Shibu Soren established the Sonat Santhal Samaj in 1970.

The kol rebellion (1831 – 1832) was in response to zamindar’s, contractor’s, moneylender’s, non-tribal merchant’s, and king’s agent’s oppressive administrative policies. Buddhu Bhagat (oraon tribe), Bindrai Manki, Soe Bahadur, Desai Munda, Surga Munda, and Kartik Sardar were the major leaders of this insurrection, but it was repressed by captain Wilkinson in 1832.

Tilka Manjhi was the first adivasi leader to bring the santhals together and organise a revolt against the British. Tilka and his supporters attacked British official Augustus Cleveland in 1784, killing him. Tilka was executed by the British on 13^th January 1785 in Bhagalpur. Tilka Manjhi’s activities might be considered as the first serious attempt by indigenous peoples to resist British control.

Under the leadership of Bhagirath Manjhi, the Sapha Hor or Kharwar movement propagated the doctrine of one God and strived for socio-religious changes.