Logical Problems

51. Fact 1: Islands are surrounded by water.
Fact 2: Maui is an island.
Fact 3: Maui was formed by a volcano.

If the first three statements are facts, which of the following statements must also be a fact?
I: Maui is surrounded by water.
II: All islands are formed by volcanoes.
III: All volcanoes are on islands.


Option “A” is correct.
Since Maui is an island and islands are surrounded by water,Maui must be surrounded by water. There is not enough information to support statements II and III.

52. Fact 1: Islands are surrounded by water.
Fact 2: Maui is an island.
Fact 3: Maui was formed by a volcano.

If the first three statements are facts, which of the following statements must also be a fact?
I: Maui is surrounded by water.
II: All islands are formed by volcanoes.
III: All volcanoes are on islands.


Option “A” is correct.
Since Maui is an island and islands are surrounded by water,Maui must be surrounded by water. There is not enough information to support statements II and III.

53. Four defensive football players are chasing the opposing wide receiver, who has the ball. Calvin is directly behind the ball carrier. Jenkins and Burton are side by side behind Calvin. Zeller is behind Jenkins and Burton. Calvin tries for the tackle but misses and falls. Burton trips. Which defensive player tackles the receiver?


Option “C” is correct.
After all the switching was done, Jenkins was directly behind the receiver. Calvin and Burton had fallen. Zeller remained in the rear.

54. A four-person crew from Classic Colors is painting Mr. Field’s house. Michael is painting the front of the house. Ross is in the alley behind the house painting the back. Jed is painting the window frames on the north side, Shawn is on the south. If Michael switches places with Jed, and Jed then switches places with Shawn, where is Shawn?


Option “C” is correct.
After all the switches were made, Shawn is in front of the house. Ross is in the alley behind the house,Michael is on the north side, and Jed is on the south.

55. In a four-day period Monday through Thursday each of the following temporary office workers worked only one day, each a different day. Ms. Johnson was scheduled to work on Monday, but she traded with Mr. Carter, who was originally scheduled to work on Wednesday. Ms. Falk traded with Mr. Kirk, who was originally scheduled to work on Thursday. After all the switching was done, who worked on Tuesday?


Option “C” is correct.
After all the switches were made, Mr. Kirk worked on Tuesday. Mr. Carter worked on Monday,Ms. Johnson on Wednesday, and Ms. Falk on Thursday.

56. Four people witnessed a mugging. Each gave a different description of the mugger. Which description is probably right?


Option “B” is correct.
Tall, thin, and middle-aged are the elements of the description repeated most often and are therefore the most likely to be accurate.

57.Ms. Forest likes to let her students choose who their partners will be; however, no pair of students may work together more than seven class periods in a row. Adam and Baxter have studied together seven class periods in a row. Carter and Dennis have worked together three class periods in a row. Carter does not want to work with Adam. Who should be assigned to work with Baxter?


Option “A” is correct.
Baxter should be assigned to study with Carter. Baxter cannot be assigned with Adam, because they have already been together for seven class periods. If Baxter is assigned to work with Dennis, that would leave Adam with Carter, but Carter does not want to work with Adam.

58. At the baseball game, Henry was sitting in seat 253. Marla was sitting to the right of Henry in seat 254. In the seat to the left of Henry was George. Inez was sitting to the left of George. Which seat is Inez sitting in?


Option “A” is correct.
If George is sitting at Henry’s left, George’s seat is 252. The next seat to the left, then, is 251.

59. As they prepare for the state championships, one gymnast must be moved from the Level 2 team to the Level 1 team. The coaches will move the gymnast who has won the biggest prize and who has the most experience. In the last competition, Roberta won a bronze medal and has competed seven times before. Jamie has won a silver medal and has competed fewer times than Roberta. Beth has won a higher medal than Jamie and has competed more times than Roberta. Michele has won a bronze medal, and it is her third time competing. Who will be moved to the Level 1 team?


Option “B” is correct.
Beth won the biggest prize, described as a higher medal than Jamie’s, which we’ve been told was a silver medal. Roberta and Michele both won bronze medals, which are lower ranking medals than silver. Beth is also described as having competed more times than Roberta who has competed seven times. Jamie is described as having competed fewer times than Roberta, and Michele has competed three times. Therefore, Beth has competed more times than the others and has won the biggest prize to date.

60. Four friends in the sixth grade were sharing a pizza. They decided that the oldest friend would get the extra piece. Randy is two months older than Greg, who is three months younger than Ned. Kent is one month older than Greg. Who should get the extra piece of pizza?


Option “C” is correct.
If Randy is two months older than Greg, then Ned is three months older than Greg and one month older than Randy. Kent is younger than both Randy and Ned. Ned is the oldest.

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