SSC CGL — Set 23

Q: Which of the following acids is primarily responsible for the 'curdling' of milk into curd?

Lactic Acid. Lactic acid is produced by the fermentation of lactose by Lactobacillus bacteria. This acid lowers the pH of milk, causing the protein casein to coagulate. It gives curd its characteristic tangy taste and thick texture.

Q: Who among the following was the founder of the 'Shunga Dynasty' after the decline of the Mauryas?

Pushyamitra. Pushyamitra Shunga established the dynasty in 185 BC after assassinating the last Maurya king. He was the commander-in-chief of the Mauryan army. The Shunga period is noted for its patronage of Brahmanism.

Q: The 'Tropic of Cancer' does NOT pass through which of the following Indian states?

Odisha. The Tropic of Cancer passes through eight Indian states: Gujarat, Rajasthan, MP, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura, and Mizoram. Odisha lies to the south of this latitude. It is an imaginary line located at 23.5 degrees north of the equator.

Q: Which Fundamental Right was described by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar as the 'Heart and Soul of the Constitution'?

Right to Constitutional Remedies. Article 32 allows citizens to move the Supreme Court for the enforcement of fundamental rights. It empowers the court to issue writs like Habeas Corpus and Mandamus. Ambedkar believed that without this remedy, all other rights were meaningless.

Q: What is the phenomenon where a substance changes from a gas to a liquid state called?

Condensation. Condensation occurs when gas particles lose energy and slow down to form a liquid. A common example is the formation of water droplets on the outside of a cold glass. It is the opposite process of evaporation.

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Which of the following acids is primarily responsible for the 'curdling' of milk into curd?

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Correct Answer: B. Lactic Acid

Lactic acid is produced by the fermentation of lactose by Lactobacillus bacteria. This acid lowers the pH of milk, causing the protein casein to coagulate. It gives curd its characteristic tangy taste and thick texture.

Who among the following was the founder of the 'Shunga Dynasty' after the decline of the Mauryas?

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Correct Answer: A. Pushyamitra

Pushyamitra Shunga established the dynasty in 185 BC after assassinating the last Maurya king. He was the commander-in-chief of the Mauryan army. The Shunga period is noted for its patronage of Brahmanism.

The 'Tropic of Cancer' does NOT pass through which of the following Indian states?

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Correct Answer: C. Odisha

The Tropic of Cancer passes through eight Indian states: Gujarat, Rajasthan, MP, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura, and Mizoram. Odisha lies to the south of this latitude. It is an imaginary line located at 23.5 degrees north of the equator.

Which Fundamental Right was described by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar as the 'Heart and Soul of the Constitution'?

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Correct Answer: C. Right to Constitutional Remedies

Article 32 allows citizens to move the Supreme Court for the enforcement of fundamental rights. It empowers the court to issue writs like Habeas Corpus and Mandamus. Ambedkar believed that without this remedy, all other rights were meaningless.

What is the phenomenon where a substance changes from a gas to a liquid state called?

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Correct Answer: B. Condensation

Condensation occurs when gas particles lose energy and slow down to form a liquid. A common example is the formation of water droplets on the outside of a cold glass. It is the opposite process of evaporation.

The 'Khajuraho Group of Monuments', a UNESCO World Heritage site, was built by which dynasty?

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Correct Answer: A. Chandelas

The Khajuraho temples were built by the Chandelas, a Rajput dynasty that ruled central India from the 9th to 13th centuries. The Chandelas constructed over 80 temples between 950 CE and 1050 CE, of which 20 survive today. These temples are renowned for their elaborate erotic sculptures and are a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Which part of the Indian Constitution contains the 'Fundamental Duties' of the citizens?

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Correct Answer: C. Part IV-A

Part IV-A consists of only one Article, 51A, which lists the duties. These were added to the Constitution in 1976. They serve as a reminder to citizens of their social obligations.

Which of the following instruments is used to measure the 'Relative Humidity' of the atmosphere?

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Correct Answer: B. Hygrometer

A hygrometer measures the amount of water vapor present in the air. High humidity often indicates a higher chance of precipitation. Modern hygrometers use electronic sensors to provide accurate digital readings.

Who was the first Indian to receive the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930?

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Correct Answer: B. C.V. Raman

C.V. Raman won the prize for his ground-breaking work on the scattering of light. This phenomenon is now globally known as the 'Raman Effect'. February 28 is celebrated as National Science Day to mark his discovery.

The 'Palk Strait' connects India with which of its neighboring countries?

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Correct Answer: C. Sri Lanka

The Palk Strait is a narrow strip of water between Tamil Nadu and the Jaffna District of Sri Lanka. It connects the Bay of Bengal in the northeast with Palk Bay. It is named after Robert Palk, a former Governor of Madras.

Which of the following is a 'Vestigial Organ' in the human body?

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Correct Answer: C. Appendix

The vermiform appendix is a small pouch attached to the large intestine. It has lost its original digestive function in humans over the course of evolution. Inflammation of this organ is a medical condition called appendicitis.

The 'First Battle of Tarain' (1191) was fought between Prithviraj Chauhan and whom?

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Correct Answer: B. Muhammad Ghori

Prithviraj Chauhan defeated Muhammad Ghori in the first battle in 1191. However, Ghori returned the following year and won the Second Battle of Tarain. This victory marked the beginning of Muslim rule in Northern India.

Which of the following is the 'Southeastern' terminal of the Golden Quadrilateral project?

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Correct Answer: C. Chennai

Chennai serves as the southeastern node of the Golden Quadrilateral highway network. This project connects the four major metropolitan cities of India. It is managed by the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI).

The 'Gresham's Law' in economics is related to which of the following?

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Correct Answer: B. Circulation of Money

Gresham's Law states that 'bad money drives out good money' from circulation. This occurs when the government gives two types of money the same legal value while they have different intrinsic values. People tend to hoard the 'good' money and spend the 'bad'.

Which gas is used as a 'Refrigerant' in household refrigerators and air conditioners?

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Correct Answer: D. Freon

Freon is a trade name for a group of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) or hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). It circulates in the cooling system to absorb and release heat. Due to environmental concerns, newer eco-friendly refrigerants are now being used.

The 'Sanchi Stupa', a magnificent Buddhist complex, was originally commissioned by which emperor?

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Correct Answer: B. Ashoka

Emperor Ashoka the Great commissioned the Great Stupa at Sanchi in the 3rd century BC. It is located in the Raisen district of Madhya Pradesh. The stupa houses the relics of Lord Buddha and his disciples.

Which constitutional body is responsible for conducting elections to the Parliament and State Legislatures?

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Correct Answer: C. Election Commission of India

The Election Commission is a permanent constitutional body established under Article 324. It oversees the entire election process from voter registration to result declaration. It also conducts elections for the offices of President and Vice-President.

What is the SI unit of 'Luminous Intensity'?

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Correct Answer: B. Candela

The candela (cd) measures the power emitted by a light source in a particular direction. It is one of the seven base units in the International System of Units. It is roughly equivalent to the light emitted by one common candle.

The 'Satish Dhawan Space Centre' (SHAR) is located in which of the following states?

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Correct Answer: C. Andhra Pradesh

The space centre is located at Sriharikota in the Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh. It is the primary orbital launch site for the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). It was renamed in 2002 in honor of ISRO's former chairman.

Who was the author of the historical work 'Rajatarangini', which details the history of Kashmir?

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Correct Answer: A. Kalhana

Kalhana wrote Rajatarangini in Sanskrit during the 12th century AD. The title literally translates to 'The River of Kings'. It is considered one of the earliest reliable sources of Indian historiography.

Which of the following is an 'Inert Gas' found in the Earth's atmosphere?

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Correct Answer: B. Helium

Helium is a noble gas that is chemically unreactive under normal conditions. It is the second most abundant element in the universe but rare on Earth. It is widely used in balloons and as a cooling medium in MRI machines.

In which year was the 'Quit India Movement' launched by Mahatma Gandhi?

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Correct Answer: C. 1942

The movement was launched at the Bombay session of the All India Congress Committee on August 8, 1942. Gandhi gave the famous slogan 'Do or Die' during this movement. It demanded an immediate end to British rule in India.

The 'Gir National Park' in Gujarat is the only natural habitat of which animal?

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Correct Answer: B. Asiatic Lion

Gir is the last remaining home of the Asiatic lion in the wild. It was established as a sanctuary in 1965 to protect the dwindling lion population. The park also supports a large number of leopards and marsh crocodiles.

Which hormone is secreted by the 'Islets of Langerhans' in the pancreas to lower blood sugar?

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Correct Answer: B. Insulin

Insulin allows the body's cells to absorb glucose from the bloodstream for energy. It is produced by the beta cells of the pancreas. A lack of insulin or resistance to it leads to Diabetes Mellitus.

The 'Ninth Schedule' was added to the Indian Constitution by which Amendment Act?

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Correct Answer: A. 1st Amendment

The First Amendment Act of 1951 introduced the Ninth Schedule to protect land reform laws from judicial review. Laws placed in this schedule were originally exempt from being challenged on the grounds of violating fundamental rights. This was done to facilitate social and economic reforms.

Which of the following metals is found in a liquid state at 'Room Temperature'?

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Correct Answer: B. Mercury

Mercury (Hg) is the only metallic element that is liquid at standard temperature and pressure. It has a high surface tension and is an excellent conductor of electricity. It is commonly used in thermometers and barometers.

Who was the first female Governor of an Indian state after independence?

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Correct Answer: A. Sarojini Naidu

Sarojini Naidu served as the Governor of the United Provinces (now Uttar Pradesh) from 1947 to 1949. She was a prominent leader of the Indian independence movement. She was also the first Indian woman to lead the Indian National Congress.

The 'Bokaro Steel Plant' was established with the technical assistance of which country?

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Correct Answer: D. USSR

The Bokaro Steel Plant in Jharkhand was built with the help of the Soviet Union (USSR). It was incorporated as a limited company in 1964. It is the fourth integrated public sector steel plant in India.

Which part of the human brain is the center for 'Intelligence, Memory, and Emotions'?

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Correct Answer: C. Cerebrum

The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain and is divided into two hemispheres. It controls higher functions like reasoning, planning, and sensory processing. It is responsible for conscious thought and voluntary actions.

The 'Ryotwari System' of land revenue was introduced in British India by whom?

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Correct Answer: B. Thomas Munro

Sir Thomas Munro and Alexander Read introduced this system in the Madras and Bombay Presidencies. Under this, the revenue was collected directly from the individual cultivators (Ryots). The land was surveyed and assessed periodically for tax revision.

What is the primary cause of 'Ocean Tides' on Earth?

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Correct Answer: C. Gravitational Pull of Moon

Tides are the rise and fall of sea levels caused by the combined effects of the gravitational forces exerted by the Moon and the Sun. The Moon has a greater effect due to its proximity to Earth. High tides occur on the sides of Earth facing toward and away from the Moon.

Which Article of the Indian Constitution provides for a 'Uniform Civil Code' for the citizens?

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Correct Answer: C. Article 44

Article 44 is one of the Directive Principles of State Policy. It suggests that the State shall endeavor to secure a uniform set of personal laws for all citizens. Currently, Goa is the only state in India that has a version of a common civil code.

Which of the following is used as an 'Antacid' to neutralize excess stomach acid?

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Correct Answer: B. Magnesium Hydroxide

Magnesium Hydroxide, commonly known as Milk of Magnesia, is a mild base. It reacts with hydrochloric acid in the stomach to form water and salt. This neutralization process provides relief from indigestion and heartburn.

Who was the founder of the 'Haryanka Dynasty', the first major dynasty of Magadha?

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Correct Answer: B. Bimbisara

Bimbisara founded the dynasty and expanded his kingdom through conquests and matrimonial alliances. He was a contemporary of Lord Buddha and Mahavira. He established his capital at Rajgriha (modern Rajgir).

The 'Silent Valley' movement was a protest against a hydroelectric project in which state?

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Correct Answer: C. Kerala

Kerala is the correct answer to this question. It is a state in southern India known for its high human development index, literacy rate, and natural beauty. Kerala was historically famous as a major trading hub for spices, especially pepper, cardamom, and ginger.

Which of the following is a 'Vector Quantity' in physics?

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Correct Answer: C. Displacement

Displacement is the change in position of an object in a specific direction. Unlike distance, it requires both magnitude and direction for a complete description. Speed and work are scalar quantities because they only have magnitude.

Which Mughal ruler assumed the title of 'Alamgir' (Conqueror of the World)?

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Correct Answer: D. Aurangzeb

Aurangzeb took the title Alamgir after ascending the throne in 1658. He was the sixth and last of the 'Great Mughals'. His reign saw the Mughal Empire reach its greatest territorial extent.

The 'Kyoto Protocol' is an international treaty primarily aimed at addressing which issue?

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Correct Answer: B. Global Warming

Global Warming is the correct answer to this question. This is an important fact from the General Knowledge and Current Affairs syllabus frequently tested in Indian competitive examinations such as SSC CGL, RRB NTPC, and state-level PSC exams. A thorough understanding of Global Warming and related topics will help candidates score well in the GK section. Regular revision of such key facts is highly recommended for exam preparation.

Which of the following vitamins is 'Water-Soluble' and must be consumed regularly?

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Correct Answer: B. Vitamin C

Vitamins C and the B-complex group are water-soluble and are not stored in large amounts in the body. Excess amounts are excreted through urine, so they need to be part of the daily diet. Fat-soluble vitamins like A and D can be stored in the liver.

The 'Kandla Port' (Deendayal Port) is located in which gulf of the Arabian Sea?

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Correct Answer: B. Gulf of Kutch

Kandla is a major seaport in the Kutch District of Gujarat. It was constructed in the 1950s to serve as the main port for Northwest India after Karachi went to Pakistan. It is one of the highest cargo-handling ports in the country.