Irrigation Systems — Set 9

Correct Answer: A. Bhakra Nangal Dam (Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh)

Bhakra Nangal Dam is an inter-state project involving Punjab, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh, with complex agreements for water sharing and power distribution. Such multipurpose dam projects require coordination between states and extensive planning for managing irrigation, hydropower, and flood control.

Correct Answer: A. To monitor soil water content and optimize irrigation timing and amount

Soil moisture sensors measure water content in soil and provide real-time data for precise irrigation management. They help farmers determine optimal irrigation timing and amount, avoiding both overwatering and underwatering, thereby improving water efficiency, crop quality, and reducing costs.

Correct Answer: A. Semi-arid and arid regions (Rajasthan, Gujarat, parts of Maharashtra)

Semi-arid and arid regions face severe irrigation challenges due to low rainfall, high evaporation, and limited water sources. States like Rajasthan, Gujarat, and parts of Maharashtra require massive irrigation infrastructure and efficient water management to sustain agriculture.

Correct Answer: A. To transfer water from water-surplus to water-deficit regions for irrigation

Inter-basin water transfer projects redistribute water from water-surplus river basins to water-deficit regions, expanding irrigation potential and food production. India has proposed and executed several inter-basin transfer projects, though they involve complex environmental and social considerations.

Correct Answer: A. Furrow irrigation for row crops

Furrow irrigation, where water flows through furrows between crop rows, remains widely used for vegetables, cotton, and other row crops. It is simple, requires minimal investment, and is adaptable to various soil types, making it popular among farmers even with advanced irrigation technologies available.

Correct Answer: A. To remove suspended particles and prevent emitter clogging

Sand filters in drip irrigation remove suspended solids and sediment from water that could clog small emitter holes. Clean water ensures consistent drip irrigation, prevents system blockages, extends equipment life, and maintains water uniformity across the field.

Correct Answer: A. All states through central government scheme

The National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA) is implemented across all Indian states with central government support. It promotes sustainable farming practices including efficient irrigation, water conservation, soil health improvement, and climate-smart agriculture across diverse agro-climatic zones.

Correct Answer: A. Salt accumulation, soil compaction, and loss of soil structure

Excessive irrigation can lead to salt accumulation in soil (salinization), soil compaction from frequent saturation, loss of soil structure, and waterlogging. These problems reduce soil productivity and require remedial measures like salt leaching, drainage improvement, and adjusted irrigation practices.

Correct Answer: A. Ganges-Brahmaputra basin

The Ganges-Brahmaputra basin, with vast water resources and extensive alluvial plains, has the largest irrigation potential in India. The basin supports irrigation across the Northern Plains and Eastern India, making it crucial for national food security and agricultural development.

Correct Answer: A. Farmer participation in decision-making and water allocation for improved equity and efficiency

Participatory irrigation management (PIM) involves farmers and local communities in planning, decision-making, and management of irrigation systems. This approach improves water distribution equity, increases farmer accountability, reduces conflicts, and leads to better maintenance and more sustainable water use.