Religions & Philosophy
Arts & Culture · धर्म और दर्शन
📋Quick Overview
India is the birthplace of Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism. Key concepts: Buddhism (Four Noble Truths, Eightfold Path), Jainism (Ahimsa, Anekantavada), Sikhism (10 Gurus). These are heavily asked in exams.
📖Key Facts
- •Buddhism = founded by Gautama Buddha (563 BCE, Lumbini)
- •Four Noble Truths + Eightfold Path = core Buddhist teachings
- •First Buddhist Council = Rajgriha (Ajatashatru, Mahakashyapa)
- •Jainism = founded by Mahavira (24th Tirthankara), first = Rishabhadeva
- •Jain principles = Ahimsa (non-violence), Anekantavada (many-sidedness)
- •Jainism 2 sects = Digambara (sky-clad) and Shvetambara (white-clad)
📝More Important Facts
- •Sikhism = founded by Guru Nanak (1469, Punjab)
- •10th Sikh Guru = Guru Gobind Singh (created Khalsa, 1699)
- •Guru Granth Sahib = holy book of Sikhs (compiled by Guru Arjan Dev)
- •6 Schools of Hindu Philosophy = Samkhya, Yoga, Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Mimamsa, Vedanta
- •Shankaracharya = Advaita Vedanta (non-dualism, 8th century)
- •Ramanuja = Vishishtadvaita (qualified non-dualism, 11th century)
- •Sufism = Islamic mystical tradition in India (Chishti, Suhrawardi orders)
- •Bhakti Movement = devotional movement (Kabir, Meera, Tulsidas, Ramananda)