Climate & Soils
Bihar GK · जलवायु और मिट्टी · 15 facts
Climate: Subtropical; Summer (Mar-May): 30-45°C; Monsoon (Jun-Sep): 60-100 cm rainfall
Winter (Oct-Feb): Cool, 10-20°C, some frost in northern districts
Monsoon (SW) during June-September brings bulk of rainfall; Eastern districts get more rain
Soil types: Alluvial (most common), laterite, clay, sandy loam in different regions
Ganga Plains: Alluvial fertile soils, ideal for wheat, rice, sugarcane
Chhotanagpur plateau region (south): Red soil, laterite; suitable for pulses, oilseeds
Soil erosion and waterlogging common in monsoon; Kosi floods cause soil changes
Nitrogen-rich soils in parts of Patna, Vaishali due to river silt deposits
Saline and alkaline soils found in some regions of North Bihar
Average temperature: 26°C annually; Humidity varies 50-90% throughout year
Loo (hot dry wind) blows in May-June causing heat waves in Bihar plains
Bihar receives 1000-1200 mm annual rainfall; more in north than south
Terai region in north Bihar has marshy land, high humidity, and rich biodiversity
River flooding enriches alluvial soils with fresh silt every monsoon season
Bihar's soil fertility makes it one of India's major food-grain producing states