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Festivals & Fairs

Bihar GK · त्यौहार और मेले

📋Quick Overview

Bihar is celebrated for its vibrant and unique festivals. Chhath Puja is Bihar's identity festival — a 4-day Sun worship festival observed with extraordinary devotion, celebrated globally by the Bihari diaspora. Sonepur Mela (Asia's largest cattle fair) draws visitors from across the world. Bihar's festivals reflect its three cultural zones: Mithila, Magadh, and Bhojpur.

Chhath Puja is uniquely Bihari — it is dedicated to Surya (Sun God) and Chhathi Maiya. The rituals are performed on riverbanks and ponds at sunset and sunrise over 4 days. It is one of the few Hindu festivals not requiring a priest, performed directly by devotees. It has been nominated for UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage status.

📖Major Festivals of Bihar

FestivalTimingSignificanceRegion
Chhath PujaKartik Shukla Shashthi (Oct/Nov)Sun God (Surya) + Chhathi Maiya worship; 4-day ritual; UNESCO nominatedPan-Bihar; global Bihari diaspora
Sama-ChakevaKartik MonthMithila's unique bird festival (siblings' bond); clay bird making traditionMithila region (Darbhanga, Madhubani)
Jitiya (Jivitputrika)Ashwin Krishna Ashtami (Sept)Mothers fast for sons' long life; major in North Bihar
Pitru Paksha Mela (Gaya)Bhadrapad Krishna Paksha (Sept-Oct)World's largest Pind Daan festival; ancestor worship at Gaya (Falgu river)
TeejShravan/Bhadra monthMarried women's festival; swing songs, songs for marital happiness
Bisua/SatayanaMid-April (Bihari New Year)Bihar's own new year in some regions; harvest festival

📖Famous Fairs & Cultural Events

Fair / EventLocationWhenSignificance
Sonepur Mela (Haritaki/Kartik Purnima)Hajipur, Vaishali (at Gandak-Ganga confluence)Kartik Purnima (Nov)Asia's LARGEST cattle/animal fair; over 1000 years old; horses, elephants, birds, cattle sold
Pitru Paksha MelaGaya (Vishnupad Temple + Falgu river)Sept-Oct (16 days)World's largest ancestor worship event; lakhs perform Pind Daan
Rajgir MahotsavRajgir, Nalanda districtOctoberCultural festival — classical music, folk dances, martial arts (Mallakhamba, Yoga)
Mithila Mahotsav / Madhubani FestivalDarbhanga/MadhubaniFebruary-MarchShowcases Maithili culture, Madhubani art, Makhana products
Buddha Jayanti (Vesak)Bodh Gaya (UNESCO site)Full moon of Vaishakh (May)International Buddhist pilgrimage; monks from Japan, Thailand, Sri Lanka, China

📝Exam Corner — Most Asked

📝Quick Revision — 15 One-Liners