Excretory System — Set 2
Biology · उत्सर्जन तंत्र · Questions 11–20 of 50
The network of tiny blood capillaries in the renal corpuscle is called the?
Correct Answer: D. Glomerulus
The glomerulus is a high-pressure capillary bed where ultrafiltration occurs. Blood enters through the afferent arteriole and exits via the narrower efferent arteriole. This pressure difference is the driving force for filtration.
In which part of the kidney are the renal pyramids located?
Correct Answer: B. Renal Medulla
The renal medulla is the inner part of the kidney containing several cone-shaped tissue masses called pyramids. These pyramids contain the straight segments of nephrons and collecting ducts. The base of each pyramid faces the cortex.
What is the medical term for the presence of glucose in urine?
Correct Answer: A. Glycosuria
Glycosuria occurs when blood glucose levels exceed the kidney's reabsorption threshold. This symptom is commonly associated with untreated diabetes mellitus. Normally, all glucose is reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule.
Which instrument or process is used to filter blood when a person's kidneys fail to function?
Correct Answer: D. Dialysis
Dialysis is an artificial process that removes waste products and excess water from the blood. It acts as an external kidney for patients with chronic renal failure. The most common type is hemodialysis which uses a special machine.
The act of passing urine from the urinary bladder is technically known as?
Correct Answer: C. Micturition
Micturition is the physiological process of emptying the bladder through the urethra. It involves both involuntary and voluntary muscle contractions controlled by the nervous system. The stretch receptors in the bladder wall trigger the urge to urinate.
Which of the following is not normally filtered out of the blood into the nephron?
Correct Answer: D. Red blood cells
Red blood cells and large proteins are too big to pass through the glomerular filtration membrane. Their presence in urine, known as hematuria, usually indicates an injury or infection. Only small solutes and water enter the capsule as filtrate.
What pigment gives human urine its characteristic pale yellow color?
Correct Answer: C. Urochrome
Urochrome, also known as urobilin, is a pigment resulting from the breakdown of hemoglobin. The intensity of the color depends on the concentration of the urine. Dilute urine appears pale, while concentrated urine is dark yellow.
The outer protective layer of the kidney is called the?
Correct Answer: A. Renal Capsule
The renal capsule is a tough, fibrous layer that protects the kidney from trauma and infection. It helps maintain the kidney's shape and provides structural integrity. Directly beneath the capsule lies the renal cortex.
Where is the urinary bladder located in the human body?
Correct Answer: C. Pelvic cavity
The urinary bladder is a hollow muscular organ situated in the pelvic cavity. It serves as a reservoir that stores urine until it is excreted. Its walls are lined with transitional epithelium that allows for significant stretching.
Which of the following is an example of an accessory excretory organ in humans?
Correct Answer: C. Skin
The skin excretes water, salts, and small amounts of urea through sweat glands. While the kidneys are the primary organs, the skin, lungs, and liver also assist in excretion. Lungs specifically help in the removal of carbon dioxide.