Genetics — Set 5
Biology · आनुवंशिकी · Questions 41–50 of 50
What is the sugar present in DNA?
Correct Answer: D. Deoxyribose
Deoxyribose is a five-carbon sugar that forms the backbone of the DNA molecule. It lacks one oxygen atom compared to the ribose sugar found in RNA. This difference makes DNA more chemically stable and suitable for long-term storage.
The theory of 'Mutation' was primarily proposed by?
Correct Answer: B. Hugo de Vries
Hugo de Vries observed sudden changes in the evening primrose plant and called them mutations. He believed that these large changes were the primary driver of evolution. His theory complemented Darwin's ideas by providing a source for variation.
Which of the following is an example of an 'Aneuploidy' disorder?
Correct Answer: A. Turner Syndrome
Aneuploidy is a condition where an individual has an abnormal number of chromosomes. Turner Syndrome occurs in females who have only one X chromosome (XO). It is often caused by a failure of chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis.
The diagrammatic representation of a person's chromosomes is called a?
Correct Answer: A. Karyotype
A karyotype shows the number and visual appearance of the chromosomes in the cell nuclei. It is used to identify chromosomal abnormalities such as trisomies or translocations. Standard human karyotypes are arranged in decreasing order of size.
Which of the following base pairs is correct for DNA?
Correct Answer: B. G-C
Guanine always pairs with Cytosine in a DNA molecule using three hydrogen bonds. This constant pairing ensures the two strands of DNA remain at a fixed distance. Mistakes in base pairing can lead to genetic mutations.
Hemophilia is often referred to as 'Royal Disease' because it was prevalent in?
Correct Answer: B. European royalty
Queen Victoria of England was a carrier of hemophilia and passed the gene to many European royal families. It is a sex-linked disorder that prevents blood from clotting normally. For a long time, it was a significant health issue in these dynasties.
The specific sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that codes for an amino acid is a?
Correct Answer: C. Codon
A codon is a genetic unit that specifies which amino acid will be added next to a protein. There are 64 possible codons that make up the universal genetic code. Some amino acids are coded by more than one codon.
Which chemical bond connects nucleotides in a single strand of DNA?
Correct Answer: D. Phosphodiester bond
Phosphodiester bonds link the sugar of one nucleotide to the phosphate of the next. This creates the strong sugar-phosphate backbone of the DNA and RNA strands. These covalent bonds are essential for the structural integrity of the genome.
What is the 'Universal Donor' blood group?
Correct Answer: B. O-
O negative blood lacks A, B, and Rh antigens, meaning it won't cause an immune reaction in most recipients. It is the most valuable blood type during emergency situations when the patient's type is unknown. However, people with O- can only receive O- blood themselves.
Which part of the cell is known as the site for 'Translation'?
Correct Answer: D. Ribosome
Ribosomes are the cellular machines responsible for assembling proteins based on mRNA instructions. They can be found floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. This process is vital for all cellular activities and growth.