Respiratory System — Set 3
Biology · श्वसन तंत्र · Questions 21–30 of 50
Which part of the respiratory system helps in warming and filtering the air?
Correct Answer: A. Nasal Cavity
The nasal cavity is lined with mucus and tiny hairs that trap dust and microbes. Blood vessels near the surface warm the incoming air to body temperature. This preparation protects the delicate tissues of the lower respiratory system.
What is the term for the air that remains in the lungs even after a forceful exhalation?
Correct Answer: B. Residual Volume
Residual volume is the air that stays in the lungs to prevent the alveoli from collapsing. It cannot be exhaled regardless of the effort made by the individual. This volume ensures that gas exchange can continue between breaths.
Which respiratory disorder is primarily caused by cigarette smoking and leads to damage of alveolar walls?
Correct Answer: D. Emphysema
Emphysema results in the permanent enlargement and destruction of the air sacs in the lungs. This reduces the surface area available for gas exchange, causing chronic shortness of breath. It is a major component of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).
The exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the lungs is called?
Correct Answer: B. External respiration
External respiration involves the physical act of breathing and the gas exchange at the pulmonary membrane. It includes inspiration and expiration as well as oxygen uptake by the blood. This process serves as the first step in delivering oxygen to the whole body.
The instrument used to measure the volume of air involved in breathing is called a?
Correct Answer: C. Spirometer
A spirometer is used to record the amount and speed of air an individual can inhale and exhale. It is a vital tool for diagnosing conditions like asthma and chronic bronchitis. The resulting graph of the test is called a spirogram.
Which of the following is the common passage for both food and air?
Correct Answer: A. Pharynx
The pharynx is a muscular tube that connects the nasal and oral cavities to the larynx and esophagus. It is divided into three sections: nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx. Careful coordination ensures that air and food go to their correct destinations.
How many lobes are present in the right human lung?
Correct Answer: C. Three
The right lung is larger and heavier than the left lung and is divided into three lobes. These are known as the superior, middle, and inferior lobes. The left lung has only two lobes to make room for the heart.
What is the primary function of the pleural fluid?
Correct Answer: B. Reduce friction during breathing
Pleural fluid acts as a lubricant between the two layers of the pleura. This allows the lungs to glide smoothly against the chest wall during the respiratory cycle. It also helps create surface tension that keeps the lungs inflated.
The 'Haldane Effect' describes the influence of which gas on the transport of CO2?
Correct Answer: C. Oxygen
The Haldane effect states that oxygenated blood has a reduced affinity for carbon dioxide. This helps in the loading of CO2 at the tissues and its unloading at the lungs. It is complementary to the Bohr effect, which deals with oxygen transport.
Which of the following is a chronic respiratory disease caused by an allergic reaction?
Correct Answer: D. Asthma
Asthma is characterized by spasms in the bronchi of the lungs, causing difficulty in breathing. It is often triggered by allergens like pollen, dust, or animal dander. This condition leads to wheezing, chest tightness, and coughing.