World Classics — Set 6

Correct Answer: B. George Orwell

• **George Orwell** = was the author of the dystopian novel '1984'. • **'Big Brother'** — is a term from '1984' that entered the English language, symbolizing totalitarian surveillance. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Aldous Huxley: known for the dystopian novel 'Brave New World'; Ray Bradbury: known for the dystopian novel 'Fahrenheit 451'; H.G. Wells: a pioneer of science fiction known for 'The War of the Worlds' and 'The Time Machine'.

Correct Answer: B. Plato

• **Plato** = was an Athenian philosopher who wrote 'The Republic', discussing justice and the ideal city-state. • **The Academy** — founded by Plato, it was the first institution of higher learning in the Western world. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Aristotle: Plato's student, but not the author of 'The Republic'; Socrates: Plato's teacher and a central figure in 'The Republic', but he wrote nothing himself; Epicurus: an ancient Greek philosopher who founded Epicureanism.

Correct Answer: A. Charles Darwin

• **Charles Darwin** = wrote 'Origin of Species', which introduced the theory of evolution by natural selection. • **1859** — the year Darwin published his revolutionary theory after his voyage on the HMS Beagle. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Gregor Mendel: known for his work on genetics, not the theory of evolution; Alfred Wallace: co-developed the theory of natural selection independently, but Darwin published first; Lamarck: an early proponent of evolution, but with a different mechanism (inheritance of acquired characteristics).

Correct Answer: B. Mary Shelley

• **Mary Shelley** = authored the gothic horror novel 'Frankenstein', often considered the first true science fiction story. • **1818** — the year 'Frankenstein' was anonymously published, when Shelley was only 18 years old. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Bram Stoker: known for the gothic horror novel 'Dracula'; Edgar Allan Poe: known for his dark short stories and poetry; Jane Austen: known for romantic novels like 'Pride and Prejudice'.

Correct Answer: B. Mark Twain

• **Mark Twain** = authored 'The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn' and 'The Adventures of Tom Sawyer'. • **Samuel Clemens** — was the real name of Mark Twain, who is often called the 'father of American literature'. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Herman Melville: known for 'Moby Dick'; Nathaniel Hawthorne: known for 'The Scarlet Letter'; Jack London: known for adventure novels like 'The Call of the Wild'.

Correct Answer: B. Anne Frank

• **Anne Frank** = authored 'The Diary of a Young Girl', a record of her life during the Holocaust. • **70 languages** — into which her diary has been translated, making it a powerful global reminder of human cost. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Helen Keller: an American author and political activist; Malala Yousafzai: a Pakistani activist for female education; Rosa Parks: an American civil rights activist.

Correct Answer: A. Charles Dickens

• **Charles Dickens** = was the author of the classic novel 'Oliver Twist'. • **Victorian era** — the period in which Dickens wrote, highlighting the struggles of the poor in industrial England. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Jane Austen: known for romantic novels of the Regency era; Thomas Hardy: known for realistic and naturalistic novels of the late Victorian era; Emily Brontë: known for 'Wuthering Heights'.

Correct Answer: B. Jonathan Swift

• **Jonathan Swift** = authored the political masterpiece 'Gulliver's Travels'. • **Anglo-Irish satirist** — a description of Swift, who used satire to criticize human nature and European society. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Daniel Defoe: known for 'Robinson Crusoe'; Samuel Johnson: a literary figure known for his dictionary and essays, not novels like 'Gulliver's Travels'; Alexander Pope: an Augustan poet known for his satirical verse.

Correct Answer: B. Aristotle

• **Aristotle** = was the Greek philosopher who was a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. • **The Lyceum** — founded by Aristotle, it was a prominent school in ancient Athens. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Socrates: Plato's teacher, not his student; Pythagoras: an ancient Greek mathematician and philosopher, known for the Pythagorean theorem; Herodotus: an ancient Greek historian, known as the 'Father of History'.

Correct Answer: B. Herman Melville

• **Herman Melville** = authored the classic novel 'Moby Dick'. • **Captain Ahab** — is the central character in 'Moby Dick', obsessed with hunting the white whale. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Nathaniel Hawthorne: known for 'The Scarlet Letter' and short stories; Washington Irving: known for 'The Legend of Sleepy Hollow' and 'Rip Van Winkle'; Edgar Allan Poe: known for his dark short stories, poetry, and detective fiction.