Chemical Bonding

Chemistry · रासायनिक बंधन · 15 facts

Chemical bond: force holding atoms together in compound

Atoms bond for stable noble gas configuration (octet/duplet rule)

Ionic bond: electron transfer metal to non-metal; NaCl

Ionic: high melting, conduct in molten/dissolved, crystalline

Covalent bond: electron sharing between non-metals; H2,O2,H2O

Single(1 pair), Double(2: O=O), Triple(3: N triple N)

Covalent: low melting, poor conductors, often gases/liquids

Metallic bond: sea of free electrons; conductivity+malleability

Hydrogen bond: weak H-F/O/N attraction; water has H-bonds

Water properties from H-bonding: high BP, surface tension, ice floats

Coordinate bond: both electrons from one atom; NH4+, O3

Diamond: each C bonded to 4 others; hardest natural substance

Electronegativity difference > 1.7 = ionic bond; < 1.7 = covalent bond

VSEPR theory: electron pairs repel; determines shape of molecules

Polar covalent bond: unequal sharing; one end slightly negative, other positive