Matter & Mixtures
Chemistry · पदार्थ और मिश्रण · 15 facts
Matter: has mass and occupies space; solid, liquid, gas
Solid: fixed shape+volume; Liquid: fixed volume; Gas: neither fixed
Plasma: 4th state, ionized gas (Sun, stars, neon signs)
BEC: 5th state near absolute zero; Bose+Einstein predicted
Melting: solid to liquid; Boiling: liquid to gas; Sublimation: solid to gas (camphor)
Evaporation: liquid to gas at any temp from surface
Pure substance: Element(one atom type) or Compound(two+ combined)
Mixture: physically mixed; can be separated physically
Homogeneous: uniform(solution); Heterogeneous: not uniform(sand+water)
Separation: filtration, evaporation, distillation, chromatography
Solution = solute+solvent; water is universal solvent
Colloid: 1-1000nm particles; milk, fog, smoke
Tyndall effect: light scattering by colloid particles
Suspension: particles >1000nm; settles on standing; heterogeneous mixture
Alloy: homogeneous mixture of two metals (brass=Cu+Zn; bronze=Cu+Sn)