Organic Basics
Chemistry · कार्बनिक रसायन · 12 facts
Organic chemistry: carbon compounds; C forms 4 covalent bonds(tetravalent)
Catenation: carbon forms long chains, branches, rings with itself
Hydrocarbons: C+H only; Alkanes(C-C), Alkenes(C=C), Alkynes(C≡C)
Methane CH4: simplest; natural gas, biogas main component
Ethanol C2H5OH: drinking alcohol; fermentation of sugarcane/grains
Acetic acid CH3COOH: 5-8% solution=vinegar
Homologous series: same functional group, differ by CH2
Groups: -OH(alcohol), -COOH(acid), -CHO(aldehyde), -CO-(ketone)
Isomers: same formula different structure; butane & isobutane
Soap: Na salt of fatty acid; micelles around dirt
Detergent works in hard water (unlike soap); from petrochemicals
Complete combustion: CO2+H2O; Incomplete: CO(poison)+soot