Periodic Trends — Set 1
Chemistry · आवर्ती प्रवृत्तियां · Questions 1–10 of 50
Which of the following elements has the highest electronegativity according to the Pauling scale?
Correct Answer: B. Fluorine
Fluorine is the most electronegative element in the periodic table. It has a value of approximately 4.0 on the Pauling scale. This property makes it highly reactive with almost all other elements.
What happens to the atomic radius as you move from left to right across a period?
Correct Answer: B. It decreases
The atomic radius decreases across a period due to an increase in nuclear charge. As more protons are added, the nucleus pulls the electrons closer. This result leads to a more compact atomic size.
Which group of elements is known as the 'Chalcogens'?
Correct Answer: D. Group 16
Group 16 elements are collectively referred to as the Chalcogens. This group includes oxygen, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, and polonium. Most of these elements are found in copper ores.
Which of the following is the most metallic element in the periodic table?
Correct Answer: C. Francium
Francium is considered the most metallic element because it loses its valence electron most easily. Metallic character generally increases as you move down a group. It is a highly radioactive and rare alkali metal.
The vertical columns in the modern periodic table are called?
Correct Answer: C. Groups
The vertical columns are known as groups or families. There are 18 groups in the standard modern periodic table. Elements in the same group share similar chemical properties.
Which element has the highest electron affinity among the halogens?
Correct Answer: B. Chlorine
Chlorine has a higher electron affinity than fluorine due to its larger atomic size. The electron-electron repulsion is lower in chlorine's 3p orbital compared to fluorine's 2p orbital. This makes chlorine more stable upon gaining an electron.
In the periodic table, elements with similar chemical properties are placed in the same?
Correct Answer: C. Group
Elements in the same group have the same number of valence electrons. This electronic configuration leads to similar chemical reactivity. For example, all alkali metals react vigorously with water.
The amount of energy released when an electron is added to a neutral gaseous atom is called?
Correct Answer: A. Electron Affinity
Electron affinity measures the energy change when an atom gains an electron. High electron affinity indicates a strong tendency to form negative ions. Halogens possess the highest electron affinities in the periodic table.
The horizontal rows in the periodic table are known as?
Correct Answer: B. Periods
Horizontal rows are called periods and represent the number of electron shells. There are seven periods in the modern periodic table. As you move across a period, the atomic number increases sequentially.
Which element has the highest ionization energy?
Correct Answer: C. Helium
Helium has the highest ionization energy because its electrons are very close to the nucleus. It has a stable, fully filled valence shell. This makes it extremely difficult to remove an electron from a helium atom.