Generations
Computers · पीढ़ियां · 18 facts
1st Gen (1940-56): vacuum tubes (ENIAC, UNIVAC)
2nd Gen (1956-63): transistors replaced vacuum tubes
3rd Gen (1964-71): integrated circuits (ICs)
4th Gen (1971-present): microprocessors (Intel 4004)
5th Gen: AI-based computers (parallel processing)
ENIAC (1945) was first general-purpose electronic computer
Charles Babbage is called father of computer
Abacus is considered the first calculating device
Mark I was electromechanical computer by IBM and Harvard (1944)
UNIVAC was first commercial computer in USA (1951)
Vacuum tubes were large, hot, and consumed much power
Transistors made computers smaller, faster, and reliable
ICs combined many transistors on a single chip
Microprocessor contains entire CPU on single chip
PARAM was India's first supercomputer (1991)
Personal computer revolution started in 1970s-80s
Machine language (binary) is the only language computer understands directly
Assembly language uses mnemonics instead of binary codes