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Generations

Computers · पीढ़ियां · 18 facts

1

1st Gen (1940-56): vacuum tubes (ENIAC, UNIVAC)

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2nd Gen (1956-63): transistors replaced vacuum tubes

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3rd Gen (1964-71): integrated circuits (ICs)

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4th Gen (1971-present): microprocessors (Intel 4004)

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5th Gen: AI-based computers (parallel processing)

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ENIAC (1945) was first general-purpose electronic computer

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Charles Babbage is called father of computer

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Abacus is considered the first calculating device

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Mark I was electromechanical computer by IBM and Harvard (1944)

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UNIVAC was first commercial computer in USA (1951)

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Vacuum tubes were large, hot, and consumed much power

12

Transistors made computers smaller, faster, and reliable

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ICs combined many transistors on a single chip

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Microprocessor contains entire CPU on single chip

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PARAM was India's first supercomputer (1991)

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Personal computer revolution started in 1970s-80s

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Machine language (binary) is the only language computer understands directly

18

Assembly language uses mnemonics instead of binary codes