Programming Languages
Computers · प्रोग्रामिंग भाषाएं
📋Quick Overview
Programming languages are used to write instructions for computers. They are classified into low-level (machine code, assembly) and high-level (C, Python, Java). High-level languages are human-readable and need a compiler or interpreter to convert to machine code. Python, Java, and C are among the most popular languages today.
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Compiler: translates entire program at once (C, C++, Java); Interpreter: translates line by line (Python, JavaScript)
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Python created by Guido van Rossum (1991); Java by James Gosling (1995); C by Dennis Ritchie (1972)
📖Programming Languages
| Language | Creator | Year | Key Use |
|---|---|---|---|
| Machine Language | — | 1940s | Direct binary (0s and 1s) |
| Assembly | — | 1950s | Mnemonics (ADD, MOV) — needs assembler |
| FORTRAN | John Backus | 1957 | Scientific computing (first high-level) |
| COBOL | Grace Hopper | 1959 | Business data processing |
| C | Dennis Ritchie | 1972 | System programming, OS development |
| C++ | Bjarne Stroustrup | 1983 | Object-oriented, games, system software |
| Python | Guido van Rossum | 1991 | AI, data science, web, scripting |
| Java | James Gosling | 1995 | Enterprise apps, Android, web |
| HTML | Tim Berners-Lee | 1993 | Web page structure (markup, not programming) |
| JavaScript | Brendan Eich | 1995 | Web interactivity, frontend & backend |
📝Key Points
- •Machine Language: Direct binary (0s and 1s)
- •Assembly: Mnemonics (ADD, MOV) — needs assembler
- •FORTRAN: Scientific computing (first high-level)
- •COBOL: Business data processing
- •C: System programming, OS development
- •C++: Object-oriented, games, system software