DPSP & Fundamental Duties
Constitution Special · DPSP और मूल कर्तव्य
📋Quick Overview
Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) are in Part IV (Articles 36–51) of the Constitution, borrowed from the Irish Constitution. They are non-justiciable — cannot be enforced in courts — but are fundamental to governance. They represent the socio-economic goals of the Constitution. Fundamental Duties (FDs) are in Art 51A, added by the 42nd Amendment (1976) on the recommendation of the Swaran Singh Committee. Originally 10 FDs; the 11th was added by the 86th Amendment (2002). FDs are borrowed from the USSR (Soviet) Constitution.
Key difference: FRs are Justiciable (enforceable in courts). DPSPs are Non-justiciable (not enforceable). FDs are also Non-justiciable. But courts can use FDs to determine constitutionality of laws.
📖Types of DPSPs
| Type | Articles | Key DPSPs |
|---|---|---|
| Socialistic DPSPs | 38, 39, 41, 42, 43, 43A, 47 | Welfare state (38); Equal pay for equal work, right to livelihood (39); Right to work, education, public assistance (41); Just & humane conditions of work (42); Living wage for workers (43); Worker participation in management (43A); Raise nutrition/health standards (47) |
| Gandhian DPSPs | 40, 43, 43B, 46, 47, 48 | Village Panchayats (40); Cottage industries (43); Cooperative societies (43B); Weaker sections welfare (46); Prohibition of intoxicating drinks (47); Agriculture & animal husbandry (48) |
| Liberal/Intellectual DPSPs | 44, 45, 48A, 49, 50, 51 | Uniform Civil Code (44); Free & compulsory education (45 — now FR under 86th Amend.); Environment protection (48A); Monuments protection (49); Separation of judiciary from executive (50); International peace (51) |
📖All 11 Fundamental Duties (Art 51A)
| No. | Duty |
|---|---|
| (a) | Abide by the Constitution and respect national flag and national anthem |
| (b) | Cherish and follow the noble ideals of the national struggle for freedom |
| (c) | Uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India |
| (d) | Defend the country and render national service when called upon |
| (e) | Promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood; renounce practices derogatory to women |
| (f) | Value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture |
| (g) | Protect and improve the natural environment (forests, lakes, rivers, wildlife) |
| (h) | Develop scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform |
| (i) | Safeguard public property and abjure violence |
| (j) | Strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity |
| (k) | Parent/guardian to provide educational opportunities to children 6–14 years [Added by 86th Amend., 2002] |