Major Amendments — Set 7
Constitution Special · प्रमुख संशोधन · Questions 61–70 of 200
The 24th Amendment (1971) explicitly stated that Parliament has power to amend?
Correct Answer: B. Any provision including Fundamental Rights
The 24th Amendment of 1971 was enacted to overcome the Golaknath judgment. It amended Articles 13 and 368 to explicitly state Parliament can amend any constitutional provision including Fundamental Rights. It also made Presidential assent to Constitutional Amendment Bills mandatory.
Article 33 empowers Parliament to restrict Fundamental Rights of which category?
Correct Answer: B. Members of Armed Forces and Police
Article 33 empowers Parliament to restrict or abrogate the Fundamental Rights of members of the Armed Forces, the Forces charged with the maintenance of public order (like police), persons employed in any bureau or organization established by the State for purposes of intelligence or counter-intelligence, and persons employed by the State in establishments for communications. Parliament can make special laws for these categories in the interest of discipline and proper functioning. Parliament is the supreme legislative body of India, consisting of the President, Lok Sabha, and Rajya Sabha.
Protection of accused person's right against self-incrimination is under?
Correct Answer: C. Article 20(3)
Article 20(3) provides protection against self-incrimination by stating that no person accused of any offence shall be compelled to be a witness against himself. This right applies from the moment of accusation, not just during trial. The Supreme Court has held that this right covers not just oral testimony but also documentary evidence. However, this protection does not extend to real or physical evidence like fingerprints, blood samples, or DNA tests.
The 7th Amendment (1956) reorganised Indian States mainly on the basis of?
Correct Answer: B. Language
The 7th Amendment (1956) reorganised Indian States mainly on the basis of Language. The States Reorganisation Act of 1956 was implemented by the 7th Amendment, which reorganised states primarily on a linguistic basis. Following reorganisation on language lines, 14 states and 6 Union Territories were created. The language-based reorganisation through the 7th Amendment addressed the demands of various linguistic communities.
The Constitution provides for Fundamental Rights available only to citizens (not foreigners). Which of these is available only to citizens?
Correct Answer: C. Article 19 - Six Freedoms
Article 19 with its six fundamental freedoms (freedom of speech, assembly, association, movement, residence, and profession) is available only to citizens of India, not to foreign nationals. In contrast, Articles 14, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, and 28 are available to all persons (citizens and non-citizens alike). This distinction is important as it limits certain freedoms to those with a special bond with the Indian state.
The 1st Constitutional Amendment (1951) was primarily made to?
Correct Answer: B. Protect land reform laws from Fundamental Rights challenge
The 1st Constitutional Amendment of 1951 protected land reform laws from Fundamental Rights challenges. It inserted the Ninth Schedule making laws listed in it immune from judicial scrutiny on grounds of Fundamental Rights violation. It also amended Articles 15, 19, and 31.
The Ninth Schedule was added to the Constitution by which amendment?
Correct Answer: A. 1st Amendment
The Ninth Schedule was added by the 1st Amendment in 1951 to protect land reform laws from legal challenge on Fundamental Rights grounds. In the I.R. Coelho case (2007), the Supreme Court held that laws added to the Ninth Schedule after April 24, 1973 can be reviewed for Basic Structure violation.
By which amendment did Sikkim become the 22nd state of India?
Correct Answer: B. 36th Amendment
The 36th Amendment of 1975 made Sikkim the 22nd State of India by including it in the First Schedule. The 35th Amendment of 1974 had given Sikkim 'Associate State' status. The 36th Amendment followed a referendum in Sikkim in 1975 where people voted to merge with India.
The 26th Amendment (1971) abolished the privy purses of former rulers by omitting?
Correct Answer: C. Articles 291 and 362
The 26th Amendment of 1971 abolished privy purses (personal allowances) of former princely state rulers. It omitted Articles 291 and 362 from the Constitution. The Supreme Court had earlier struck down an executive order abolishing privy purses in Madhavrao Scindia case (1971).
The 10th Amendment (1961) incorporated which territory into the Indian Union?
Correct Answer: C. Dadra and Nagar Haveli
The 10th Amendment of 1961 incorporated Dadra and Nagar Haveli as a Union Territory. These were formerly Portuguese enclaves liberated in 1954. The 12th Amendment (1962) incorporated Goa, Daman, and Diu; and the 14th Amendment (1962) incorporated Pondicherry.