President, PM & Parliament
Constitution Special · राष्ट्रपति, PM और संसद · 18 facts
The President of India is covered under Articles 52-62 of the Constitution and is elected by an Electoral College.
The Electoral College for President consists of elected members of both Houses of Parliament and elected members of State Legislative Assemblies.
The President holds office for 5 years and can be re-elected. Impeachment is by Parliament under Article 61 for violation of the Constitution.
Article 53 vests executive power of the Union in the President, who exercises it directly or through officers subordinate to him.
The President is the Supreme Commander of the Defence Forces of India — Army, Navy, and Air Force.
The President appoints the Prime Minister and on PM's advice appoints other members of the Council of Ministers.
Under Article 74, there shall be a Council of Ministers with the Prime Minister at the head to aid and advise the President.
Under Article 75, the Prime Minister is appointed by the President; other ministers are appointed by the President on the PM's advice.
The Prime Minister must be the leader of the majority party/coalition in the Lok Sabha and heads the Cabinet as head of government.
Parliament of India under Article 79 consists of the President, the Council of States (Rajya Sabha), and the House of the People (Lok Sabha).
The Money Bill (Budget) can only be introduced in the Lok Sabha — Rajya Sabha can only make recommendations, not amend or reject it.
Joint Session of Parliament under Article 108 is presided over by the Speaker of Lok Sabha and is convened by the President.
Parliamentary Privilege refers to special rights, immunities, and exemptions enjoyed by Parliament as a body and its individual members.
Rajya Sabha is a permanent House — it cannot be dissolved. One-third of its members retire every two years.
Lok Sabha has a maximum strength of 552 members (530 from states + 20 from UTs + 2 Anglo-Indian nominated, now abolished by 104th Amendment).
The Vice-President of India is ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha under Article 64 and is elected by members of both Houses of Parliament.
The President of India can address both Houses of Parliament, send messages, prorogue Parliament, and dissolve the Lok Sabha.
A bill becomes an Act only after it is passed by both Houses of Parliament and receives the assent of the President under Article 111.