Cyclone & Flood Management — Set 4
Disaster Management · चक्रवात और बाढ़ प्रबंधन · Questions 31–40 of 140
Which river is known as the 'Sorrow of Bihar' due to recurrent flooding?
Correct Answer: C. Kosi
The Kosi River is known as the 'Sorrow of Bihar' because it changes its course frequently and causes devastating floods in Bihar almost every year. The Kosi is a major Himalayan river that carries huge amounts of sediment, causing its bed to rise and the river to shift course unpredictably. The 2008 Kosi flood was a catastrophic breach that displaced millions.
Which river has been historically known as the 'Sorrow of Bengal'?
Correct Answer: B. Damodar
The Damodar River was historically known as the 'Sorrow of Bengal' due to its devastating floods that regularly inundated large areas of West Bengal. The construction of the Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC) dams after independence helped control these floods significantly. However, poor reservoir management still occasionally leads to flooding downstream.
The Brahmaputra River is primarily associated with flooding in which state?
Correct Answer: B. Assam
The Brahmaputra River is primarily associated with annual flooding in Assam, where it flows through a wide alluvial plain and regularly overflows its banks during the monsoon season. Assam experiences some of the worst flooding in India due to the Brahmaputra and its tributaries. The river's high sediment load and braided channels make flood management extremely challenging.
The Mahanadi River frequently causes flooding in which Indian state?
Correct Answer: C. Odisha
The Mahanadi River is one of the major flood-prone rivers of Odisha, regularly inundating the Mahanadi delta during the monsoon season. The Hirakud Dam was constructed on the Mahanadi in 1957 primarily for flood control, irrigation, and power generation. Odisha has developed advanced flood management systems partly due to the repeated Mahanadi floods.
When was the National Flood Control Programme launched in India?
Correct Answer: B. 1954
The National Flood Control Programme was launched in India in 1954, following devastating floods that year which affected large parts of northern India. The programme aimed to create embankments, drainage channels, and flood control infrastructure along major rivers. It laid the foundation for organized flood management in post-independence India.
Which organization is responsible for flood forecasting in India?
Correct Answer: C. Central Water Commission
The Central Water Commission (CWC) is the nodal agency responsible for flood forecasting in India, operating a network of flood forecasting stations across major river basins. CWC provides advance warnings of flood levels to state governments and disaster management authorities. It operates under the Ministry of Jal Shakti and has been providing flood forecasts since 1958.
The Flood Management Programme (FMP) was launched in which Five Year Plan period?
Correct Answer: D. 11th Five Year Plan
The Flood Management Programme (FMP) was launched during the 11th Five Year Plan (2007–2012) to address flood management in a more comprehensive manner. The programme funded state governments for strengthening flood management infrastructure including embankments, drainage improvement, and anti-erosion works. It was continued in the 12th Five Year Plan with enhanced funding.
What does IFM stand for in the context of flood management?
Correct Answer: B. Integrated Flood Management
IFM stands for Integrated Flood Management, a concept promoted by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the Global Water Partnership. Integrated Flood Management takes a holistic approach that combines land-use planning, early warning, infrastructure, and community preparedness rather than treating floods only as hazards to be controlled. India has been adopting IFM principles in its flood management strategies.
The 2013 Uttarakhand disaster was primarily caused by which type of flood?
Correct Answer: C. Flash flood and cloudburst
The 2013 Uttarakhand disaster was caused by extreme cloudbursts and flash floods in the Himalayan region in June 2013, coinciding with an unusually heavy monsoon. The Kedarnath valley was most severely affected when a glacial lake burst and flash floods swept through the pilgrimage town. Over 5,000 people were killed and tens of thousands of pilgrims were stranded.
Which pilgrimage site was most severely damaged in the 2013 Uttarakhand floods?
Correct Answer: B. Kedarnath
Kedarnath was the most severely damaged pilgrimage site during the 2013 Uttarakhand floods, when a glacial lake outburst flood and massive cloudburst devastated the town. The Kedarnath temple survived due to a large boulder that deflected the flood waters, but the surrounding area was completely destroyed. The disaster killed thousands of pilgrims who had come for the Char Dham Yatra.