India Growth & Key Indicators — Set 8
Economy Advanced · भारत की वृद्धि और मुख्य संकेतक · Questions 71–80 of 100
India's FDI inflows in 2022-23 were approximately:
Correct Answer: A. $84 billion
India received approximately $84 billion in FDI (gross) in 2022-23, though net FDI was lower after accounting for repatriation. India's FDI peaked at $83.6 billion in 2021-22. Services, computer hardware & software, telecom, and construction are top FDI-receiving sectors. Mauritius, Singapore, USA, Netherlands, and Japan are top FDI source countries (Mauritius due to tax treaty routing).
India's rank in the Environmental Performance Index (EPI) 2022 published by Yale and Columbia was:
Correct Answer: C. 180
India ranked 180th (last) out of 180 countries in the Environmental Performance Index (EPI) 2022 published by Yale University and Columbia University. India strongly disputed this ranking, calling the methodology flawed and biased. The EPI covers climate change, environmental health, and ecosystem vitality. India's lower ranking is attributed to high air pollution, low biodiversity and habitat scores, and energy transition metrics.
India's share in global merchandise exports is approximately:
Correct Answer: B. 1.8%
India's share in global merchandise exports is approximately 1.8–2%, which is low considering India is the 5th largest economy. China's share is around 14%, USA 8.3%, Germany 7.8%. India's competitive merchandise exports include pharmaceuticals, chemicals, engineering goods, and textiles. Increasing India's share in global exports is a key trade policy goal under the new Foreign Trade Policy 2023-28.
India's mobile internet users crossed 800 million by which year?
Correct Answer: B. 2022
India crossed 800 million internet users by 2022, driven primarily by affordable mobile internet following Reliance Jio's launch in 2016 which disrupted the telecom market with low-cost data. India is the 2nd largest internet market after China. Average data consumption per user in India is among the highest globally due to cheap data rates (₹8–10/GB). Rural internet penetration has grown rapidly.
The Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) launched in 2014 achieved what milestone by 2023?
Correct Answer: B. 50 crore accounts
PMJDY crossed 50 crore (500 million) bank accounts as of 2023, making it the world's largest financial inclusion program. Launched on August 28, 2014, it provides universal banking access, RuPay debit cards, accidental insurance (₹2 lakh), and zero balance accounts. Over 55% of PMJDY accounts are held by women. The scheme helped enable direct benefit transfers (DBTs) to reduce leakages.
India's Neonatal Mortality Rate (NMR) per 1,000 live births as per recent data is approximately:
Correct Answer: A. 18
India's Neonatal Mortality Rate (NMR) is approximately 20 per 1,000 live births as per recent SRS/NFHS data. NMR accounts for a large share of infant mortality. Prematurity, birth asphyxia, and neonatal infections are main causes. Government programs like Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY), Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY), and Navjaat Shishu Suraksha Karyakram (NSSK) target neonatal survival.
India's UPI (Unified Payments Interface) monthly transaction volume crossed what milestone in 2023?
Correct Answer: B. 10 billion transactions/month
UPI monthly transaction volume crossed 10 billion transactions in August 2023, a world record. UPI is managed by NPCI (National Payments Corporation of India) and has transformed digital payments in India. In value terms, UPI processes over ₹15–18 lakh crore per month. India processes more real-time digital payments than the rest of the world combined, making it a global benchmark for financial technology.
Which indicator measures the gap between actual GDP and potential GDP?
Correct Answer: B. Output gap
The output gap measures the difference between an economy's actual output (GDP) and its potential output at full employment. A positive output gap (actual > potential) suggests overheating and inflationary pressure. A negative output gap (actual < potential) suggests underutilization of resources and deflationary tendencies. Central banks like RBI use the output gap to guide monetary policy decisions.
India's National Infrastructure Pipeline (NIP) projected infrastructure investment of how much over FY 2019-25?
Correct Answer: B. ₹111 lakh crore
The National Infrastructure Pipeline (NIP) launched in December 2019 projected infrastructure investment of ₹111 lakh crore over FY 2019-25. It covers 6,835 projects across sectors: energy (24%), roads (19%), urban (16%), railways (13%), and others. The NIP was expanded to include 9,000+ projects. It aims to achieve infrastructure investment of 5–7% of GDP annually to sustain high growth.
India's sex ratio as per Census 2011 was:
Correct Answer: A. 940 females per 1,000 males
India's overall sex ratio as per Census 2011 was 943 females per 1,000 males, an improvement from 933 in 2001. The child sex ratio (0–6 years) however fell to 919 in 2011 from 927 in 2001, indicating continued female foeticide. Kerala has the highest sex ratio (1,084) and Haryana the lowest (877). Beti Bachao Beti Padhao scheme targets improvement in child sex ratio.