Ecology & Ecosystems
Environment · पारिस्थितिकी और पारिस्थितिकी तंत्र
📋Quick Overview
Key facts about Ecology & Ecosystems for RRB NTPC, SSC CGL, and other competitive exams. These are frequently asked in the GK section and mastering them ensures easy marks.
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Ecology — Study of organisms & their environment — Coined by Ernst Haeckel (1866)
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Ecosystem — Community of living + non-living things — Forest, pond, desert, ocean
📖Ecology & Ecosystems
| Concept | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Ecology | Study of organisms & their environment | Coined by Ernst Haeckel (1866) |
| Ecosystem | Community of living + non-living things | Forest, pond, desert, ocean |
| Food Chain | Linear energy transfer | Grass → Deer → Tiger |
| Food Web | Interconnected food chains | Multiple predator-prey relationships |
| Producers | Autotrophs (make own food) | Plants, algae, phytoplankton |
| Consumers | Heterotrophs | Primary (herbivore), Secondary (carnivore), Tertiary |
| Decomposers | Break down dead matter | Bacteria, fungi, earthworms |
| 10% Law | Lindeman (1942) | Only 10% energy transfers to next trophic level |
| Ecological Pyramid | Energy/number/biomass | Always upright for energy pyramid |
📝Key Points
- •Ecology: Study of organisms & their environment: Coined by Ernst Haeckel (1866)
- •Ecosystem: Community of living + non-living things: Forest, pond, desert, ocean
- •Food Chain: Linear energy transfer: Grass → Deer → Tiger
- •Food Web: Interconnected food chains: Multiple predator-prey relationships
- •Producers: Autotrophs (make own food): Plants, algae, phytoplankton
- •Consumers: Heterotrophs: Primary (herbivore), Secondary (carnivore), Tertiary