Geography & Rivers
Haryana GK · भूगोल और नदियां
📋Quick Overview
Haryana is a landlocked state in northwest India, situated between latitude 27°N–31°N and longitude 74°E–77°E. With an area of 44,212 sq km, it is bordered by Punjab and Himachal Pradesh (north), Uttarakhand and UP (east), Rajasthan (south-west), and Delhi (south-east). Haryana is the only state that almost completely surrounds Delhi on three sides. The state lies mostly on the flat Gangetic plain with the Aravalli hills in the south and Shivalik foothills in the north. The Yamuna river forms its entire eastern boundary.
Haryana is the ONLY state that almost completely surrounds Delhi (on 3 sides) — Delhi's NCT is like an enclave within Haryana-UP
Capital: Chandigarh (shared with Punjab) | Area: 44,212 sq km | Districts: 22
📖Physical Features & Boundaries
| Feature | Details | Significance |
|---|---|---|
| Location | 27°N–31°N, 74°E–77°E | NW India; one of India's smaller states by area (44,212 sq km) |
| Borders | Punjab (N), HP (N), Uttarakhand (NE), UP (E), Rajasthan (SW), Delhi (SE) | Surrounds Delhi on 3 sides; NW gateway to Delhi from Punjab-Pakistan direction |
| Aravalli Hills | Southern Haryana (Mahendragarh, Gurgaon) | Oldest fold mountains in the world; form the southern boundary; Bhondsi peak |
| Shivalik Foothills | Northern Haryana (Ambala, Panchkula) | Outer Himalayas; prone to flash floods in monsoon; Morni Hills (highest point ~1514 m) |
| Haryana Plain | Central & Eastern Haryana | Flat alluvial plain; part of Gangetic Plain; highly fertile; Green Revolution epicentre |
📝Rivers of Haryana
- •Yamuna: Forms the ENTIRE eastern boundary of Haryana (with UP); originates from Yamunotri (Uttarakhand); flows south through Delhi; SYL (Sutlej-Yamuna Link) Canal dispute relates to Haryana
- •Ghaggar (Ghaggar-Hakra): Flows through Panchkula, Ambala, Fatehabad, Sirsa; seasonal river; identified by some scholars as ancient Saraswati river; floods in monsoon
- •Saraswati (ancient): Dried up river believed to have flowed through Kurukshetra area; Vedic river mentioned in Rigveda; important in Hindu mythology
- •Western Yamuna Canal: Taken off from Yamuna at Tajewala in Yamunanagar; major irrigation canal for Haryana; historical canal (Mughal era)
- •Morni Hills (highest point in Haryana): 1514 m ASL; Panchkula district; in Shivalik range; tourist destination; near Tikkar Taal lake