Gandhian Era
Indian History · गांधी युग · 28 facts
Gandhi's first Satyagraha: South Africa (1906) | First Satyagraha in India: Champaran, Bihar (1917)
Lucknow Pact (1916): Congress-Muslim League united; Tilak & Jinnah played key roles
Poona Pact (1932): Gandhi vs Ambedkar; reserved seats for Depressed Classes within joint electorate
Cripps Mission (1942): Offered Dominion status after war; rejected by Congress — led to Quit India
Gandhi returned to India in 1915 from South Africa
Champaran (1917) = first Satyagraha in India (indigo issue)
Kheda (1918) = first Non-Cooperation; Patel emerged as leader
Ahmedabad (1918) = Gandhi's first fast/hunger strike
Rowlatt Act 1919 = 'Black Act'; Jallianwala Bagh = 13 April 1919
Non-Cooperation (1920–22): boycott of British institutions
Chauri Chaura (5 Feb 1922) — 22 policemen killed; NCM withdrawn
Dandi March: 12 March – 6 April 1930; 390 km; 78 followers
Gandhi attended only 2nd RTC (1931)
Poona Pact (1932): Gandhi & Ambedkar — reserved seats for Dalits
Quit India (8 Aug 1942): 'Do or Die'; Aruna Asaf Ali hoisted flag
Cripps Mission (1942) failure triggered Quit India Movement
Gandhi assassinated 30 Jan 1948 by Nathuram Godse
'Swaraj is my birthright' — Tilak; 'Jai Hind' — Bose
'Tryst with Destiny' — Nehru's speech on 14 August 1947
First RTC — 1930 — Held in London; Congress boycotted; no result
Third RTC — 1932 — Congress boycotted again; led to Communal Award & Poona Pact (1932)
'Do or Die' (Karo ya Maro) — Mahatma Gandhi — Quit India Movement, 1942
'Swaraj is my birthright' — Bal Gangadhar Tilak — After imprisonment
'Give me blood, I will give you freedom' — Subhas Chandra Bose — INA speech
'Inquilab Zindabad' — Bhagat Singh (popularized) — Originally by Maulana Hasrat Mohani
'Jai Hind' — Subhas Chandra Bose — Greeting of INA (Azad Hind Fauj)
'Dilli Chalo' — Subhas Chandra Bose — March towards Delhi call to INA
'Sarfaroshi ki Tamanna' — Ram Prasad Bismil — Famous revolutionary poem