G20, BRICS, SCO & QUAD
International Relations · G20, BRICS, SCO और QUAD · 18 facts
G20: Group of Twenty, comprises 19 countries + European Union, representing 85% of world GDP and 75% of global trade.
India held the G20 Presidency from December 1, 2022 to November 30, 2023; theme was 'Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam' (One Earth One Family One Future).
G20 New Delhi Summit 2023: African Union was included as permanent member; 'New Delhi Declaration' was adopted.
India used the G20 Presidency to amplify the voice of the 'Global South' — developing nations often underrepresented in global forums.
BRICS: Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa; formally established at the Yekaterinburg Summit 2009 (as BRIC, South Africa joined 2010).
BRICS expanded to 11 members in 2024: Added Saudi Arabia, UAE, Iran, Ethiopia, Egypt, Argentina (Argentina later declined).
New Development Bank (NDB): Established by BRICS in 2014; HQ in Shanghai; finances infrastructure in emerging economies.
SCO (Shanghai Cooperation Organisation): Founded 2001; India became full member at Astana Summit 2017.
SCO headquarters: Beijing, China; current members include India, China, Russia, Pakistan, Central Asian nations; focus on security + trade.
India hosted SCO Summit 2023 in virtual format; theme centered on SECURE: Security, Economy, Connectivity, Unity, Respect, Environment.
QUAD (Quadrilateral Security Dialogue): India, USA, Japan, Australia; originally formed 2007 (Abe's initiative), revived 2017 after dormancy.
QUAD focuses on maritime security, free and open Indo-Pacific, vaccine diplomacy, climate change, and critical technologies.
Malabar Exercise: Naval exercise among QUAD nations (India, USA, Japan, Australia); Australia rejoined in 2020.
G20 vs BRICS vs SCO: G20 is economic governance; BRICS is emerging economies bloc; SCO is Eurasian security + trade; QUAD is Indo-Pacific maritime security.
India is uniquely positioned as a member of G20, BRICS, SCO, and QUAD — giving it influence across multiple global platforms.
BRICS countries represent 40% of the world's population and about 25% of global GDP.
SCO's Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure (RATS) headquartered in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, coordinates counter-terrorism activities.
G20 has no permanent secretariat; the presidency rotates annually among members; India's G20 logo featured the lotus.