Major Treaties & Agreements — Set 2
International Relations · प्रमुख संधियां और समझौते · Questions 11–20 of 120
The Paris Agreement on climate change was adopted in which year?
Correct Answer: C. 2015
The Paris Agreement was adopted on December 12, 2015, at the 21st Conference of Parties (COP21) held in Paris, France. It entered into force on November 4, 2016, after being ratified by more than 55 countries representing over 55% of global greenhouse gas emissions. The agreement aims to limit global temperature rise to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels, with efforts to limit it to 1.5°C.
India's NDC target under the Paris Agreement includes achieving how much renewable energy capacity by 2030?
Correct Answer: C. 500 GW
India's updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) submitted under the Paris Agreement targets 500 GW of non-fossil fuel-based electricity capacity by 2030. India also committed to producing 50% of its cumulative electric power from non-fossil fuel-based energy resources by 2030. These targets reflect India's commitment to the clean energy transition while supporting economic development.
India's target for achieving net zero carbon emissions under the Paris Agreement framework is:
Correct Answer: C. 2070
India announced its net zero carbon emissions target of 2070 at the COP26 summit in Glasgow in November 2021. This was announced by Prime Minister Narendra Modi as part of India's 'Panchamrit' or five-element climate pledge. The 2070 target is later than the 2050 target of most developed nations, reflecting India's argument for 'common but differentiated responsibilities.'
The Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations was signed in which year?
Correct Answer: C. 1961
The Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations was adopted on April 18, 1961, and entered into force on April 24, 1964. It codifies diplomatic practices that had developed over centuries of international relations. India is a party to this convention, which forms the legal backbone of modern diplomatic practice.
The Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations 1961 establishes which key principle for embassy premises?
Correct Answer: B. Inviolability
The Vienna Convention establishes the principle of inviolability of diplomatic mission premises, meaning the receiving state must not enter the embassy without the head of mission's consent. Security forces of the host country cannot search, enter, or seize embassy premises under any circumstances. This principle also extends to the personal inviolability of diplomats from arrest or detention.
Under UNCLOS, what is the width of the territorial sea of a coastal state?
Correct Answer: B. 12 nautical miles
Under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), every coastal state has a territorial sea extending up to 12 nautical miles from its baseline. Within this zone, the coastal state exercises full sovereignty similar to its land territory, subject to the right of innocent passage. Foreign vessels may pass through the territorial sea as long as it is not prejudicial to the peace or security of the coastal state.
India ratified UNCLOS (United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea) in which year?
Correct Answer: C. 1995
India ratified UNCLOS on June 29, 1995, making it legally bound by the convention's provisions. UNCLOS itself was adopted in 1982 and entered into force in 1994 after receiving the required 60 ratifications. India's ratification affirmed its rights over a 200 nautical mile Exclusive Economic Zone and the extended continental shelf.
Under UNCLOS, the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) extends up to how many nautical miles from the baseline?
Correct Answer: C. 200 nautical miles
The EEZ extends up to 200 nautical miles from the baseline of a coastal state under UNCLOS. Within this zone, the coastal state has sovereign rights for exploring, exploiting, conserving, and managing natural resources of the water column, seabed, and subsoil. Foreign vessels have freedom of navigation and overflight in the EEZ but cannot exploit resources without the coastal state's permission.
Under UNCLOS, the continental shelf can extend up to how many nautical miles in some cases?
Correct Answer: C. 350 nautical miles
Under UNCLOS, coastal states can claim an extended continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles, up to a maximum of 350 nautical miles from the baseline where the natural prolongation of the land territory justifies it. India submitted its claim for an extended continental shelf to the UN Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS). The continental shelf rights cover resources of the seabed and subsoil, not the water column above.
The Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) prohibits the development, production, and stockpiling of:
Correct Answer: C. Chemical weapons
The Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) prohibits the development, production, acquisition, stockpiling, retention, transfer, or use of chemical weapons. It entered into force on April 29, 1997, and is administered by the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) headquartered in The Hague. India is a party to the CWC and has destroyed its declared chemical weapons stockpile.