UN, WHO, IMF & World Bank
International Relations · UN, WHO, IMF और विश्व बैंक · 18 facts
United Nations (UN) established on October 24, 1945; has 193 member states; headquarters in New York City, USA.
India is a founding member of the UN; signed UN Charter on June 26, 1945 in San Francisco.
UN has 6 principal organs: General Assembly, Security Council, Secretariat, ICJ, ECOSOC, and Trusteeship Council (inactive since 1994).
UNSC (UN Security Council): 5 permanent members (P5) — USA, UK, France, Russia, China; each has veto power.
India seeks a permanent UNSC seat; India needs NSG membership for this; P5 consensus required for any expansion.
India has served 8 non-permanent UNSC terms (most recently 2021-22); current India-UNSC campaign is ongoing.
WHO (World Health Organization): Founded April 7, 1948; HQ Geneva, Switzerland; 194 member states; current DG Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus.
World Health Day is celebrated on April 7 every year, marking WHO's founding date.
IMF (International Monetary Fund): Established 1944 at Bretton Woods Conference; HQ Washington DC; provides economic stability and bailout loans.
IMF's SDR (Special Drawing Rights) is a supplementary international reserve asset; India's quota is 13th largest.
World Bank Group: Established 1944; HQ Washington DC; comprises IBRD, IDA, IFC, MIGA, ICSID.
IBRD (International Bank for Reconstruction and Development) lends to middle-income countries; IDA provides interest-free loans to poorest nations.
India is the largest borrower from the World Bank; major loans for infrastructure, health, and education projects.
UN Secretary-General: António Guterres (Portugal), serving second term since January 2022.
UNICEF (UN Children's Fund), UNDP (Development Programme), UNESCO, UNHCR, WFP are key UN specialized agencies.
UN Charter Chapter VII authorizes the Security Council to authorize military action to maintain international peace and security.
India contributes the most troops/police to UN Peacekeeping Operations; Indian officers have commanded multiple UN missions.
IMF and World Bank are known as 'Bretton Woods Institutions'; both were conceived at the Bretton Woods Conference, New Hampshire, 1944.