Ancient & Medieval
Inventions · प्राचीन और मध्यकालीन
📋Quick Overview
This chapter covers key ancient & medieval relevant for competitive exams. These facts about inventors, discoveries, and their contributions are frequently asked in RRB NTPC, SSC CGL, and other government exams.
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Wheel: Mesopotamia — ~3500 BCE — Foundation of transportation
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Paper: Cai Lun (China) — 105 CE — Revolutionized writing and knowledge
📖Ancient & Medieval
| Invention | Inventor/Origin | Year | Significance |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wheel | Mesopotamia | ~3500 BCE | Foundation of transportation |
| Paper | Cai Lun (China) | 105 CE | Revolutionized writing and knowledge |
| Gunpowder | China | 9th century | Changed warfare globally |
| Compass | China | ~1100 CE | Navigation at sea |
| Printing (Movable) | Bi Sheng (China) | 1040 CE | Before Gutenberg (Europe 1440) |
| Glass | Mesopotamia/Egypt | ~3500 BCE | Early glass beads and vessels |
| Iron Smelting | Hittites | ~1500 BCE | Iron Age began |
| Algebra | Al-Khwarizmi | ~820 CE | Father of Algebra — "al-jabr" |
| Zero (numeral) | Brahmagupta (India) | 628 CE | Rules for computing with zero |
📝Key Points for Exam
- •Wheel: Mesopotamia, ~3500 BCE, Foundation of transportation
- •Paper: Cai Lun (China), 105 CE, Revolutionized writing and knowledge
- •Gunpowder: China, 9th century, Changed warfare globally
- •Compass: China, ~1100 CE, Navigation at sea
- •Printing (Movable): Bi Sheng (China), 1040 CE, Before Gutenberg (Europe 1440)
- •Glass: Mesopotamia/Egypt, ~3500 BCE, Early glass beads and vessels