ILO & International Labour
Labour Laws · ILO और अंतर्राष्ट्रीय श्रम
📋Quick Overview
The International Labour Organization (ILO) was established on April 11, 1919, through the Treaty of Versailles, as part of the League of Nations. It became the first specialized agency of the United Nations in 1946. ILO is unique as the only tripartite UN agency — representatives from governments, employers, and workers all have voting rights. Headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, ILO has 187 member states. It sets international labour standards through Conventions and Recommendations.
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ILO won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1969 on its 50th anniversary. The current Director-General is Gilbert Houngbo of Togo, elected in 2022. ILO has 8 fundamental (core) Conventions.
📖ILO's 8 Core (Fundamental) Conventions
| Convention No. | Subject | India Ratified? |
|---|---|---|
| C87 | Freedom of Association and Protection of Right to Organise | No |
| C98 | Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining | No |
| C29 | Forced Labour Convention | Yes |
| C105 | Abolition of Forced Labour Convention | Yes |
| C138 | Minimum Age Convention (child labour) | Yes (ratified 2017) |
| C182 | Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention | Yes (ratified 2017) |
| C100 | Equal Remuneration Convention | Yes |
| C111 | Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention | Yes |
📝ILO Key Facts & India
- •ILO structure: International Labour Conference (annual; supreme body) + Governing Body (executive) + International Labour Office (secretariat)
- •Tripartite composition: Government (2 votes per country) + Employers (1 vote) + Workers (1 vote) = 4 votes per country
- •ILO Conventions: Binding on member states only when ratified; Recommendations: Non-binding guidance documents
- •India's ratifications: 47 ILO Conventions ratified; did NOT ratify C87 and C98 (Freedom of Association)
- •Decent Work Agenda (2000): ILO's framework — productive employment + social protection + workers' rights + social dialogue
- •ILO and SDG 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth is Goal 8 of UN Sustainable Development Goals — ILO is custodian
- •ILO's World Employment Social Outlook (WESO): Annual report on global employment trends and challenges