Industrial Disputes Act 1947 — Set 1

Correct Answer: B. 1947

The correct answer is 1947. The Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 was passed to regulate labour disputes and maintain industrial peace in India. It provides mechanisms for resolving disputes between employers and employees. This topic is frequently tested in competitive examinations such as RRB NTPC, SSC, and UPSC.

Correct Answer: B. Refusal to work collectively

The correct answer is Refusal to work collectively. Under the Industrial Disputes Act, a strike is a collective refusal by workers to work or to accept orders, done as a form of protest or to press demands related to wages, working conditions, or employment terms. This topic is frequently tested in competitive examinations such as RRB NTPC, SSC, and UPSC.

Correct Answer: C. Closure of workplace by employer

The correct answer is Closure of workplace by employer. A lockout is the temporary closure of a workplace by the employer, either wholly or in part, as a disciplinary measure or to compel workers to accept terms of settlement in a labour dispute. This topic is frequently tested in competitive examinations such as RRB NTPC, SSC, and UPSC.

Correct Answer: C. National Tribunal

The National Tribunal is constituted by the Central Government to adjudicate industrial disputes of national importance. It has jurisdiction over disputes that affect establishments in more than one state. The Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 provides for its constitution and powers. This body handles disputes involving central government establishments.

Correct Answer: C. 100 or more

Under Chapter V-B of the Industrial Disputes Act, provisions for lay-off, retrenchment and closure apply to establishments employing 100 or more workmen. These establishments require prior permission from the government before retrenchment or closure. This was added to protect workers in large establishments. It is an important provision for competitive exams.

Correct Answer: A. Section 2(oo)

Section 2(oo) of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 defines retrenchment as the termination by an employer of the service of a workman for any reason whatsoever, otherwise than as punishment inflicted by way of disciplinary action. It excludes voluntary retirement, superannuation, and non-renewal of contract. Understanding this definition is crucial for labour law exams.

Correct Answer: B. 14 days

Under the Industrial Disputes Act, workmen in a public utility service must give 14 days' notice before going on strike. This notice must be given within six weeks before the strike. The purpose is to allow time for conciliation and resolution of disputes. A strike without notice in a public utility service is illegal.

Correct Answer: B. Unfair labour practice

Go-slow tactics are classified as unfair labour practices under the Industrial Disputes Act. The Act lists various unfair labour practices in the Fifth Schedule that are prohibited. Go-slow involves workers deliberately working at a pace slower than normal to cause disruption. Both employers and employees can be guilty of unfair labour practices.

Correct Answer: C. Equal representation from both sides

Under Section 3 of the Industrial Disputes Act, Works Committees consist of representatives of employers and workmen in equal numbers. They are constituted in establishments employing 100 or more workmen. Their purpose is to promote measures for securing good relations and harmonious relations between employers and workmen. This is a bipartite body.

Correct Answer: A. First Schedule

The First Schedule of the Industrial Disputes Act lists industries that are classified as public utility services. These include railways, airways, postal services, water, power supply, and hospitals. Stricter rules apply to strikes in public utility services, including mandatory notice periods. This is frequently tested in competitive exams.