Women Freedom Fighters — Set 2

Correct Answer: C. Quit India Movement 1942

Matangini Hazra, known as 'Gandhi Buri' (Old Lady Gandhi), was shot dead by British police on September 29, 1942 during the Quit India Movement in Tamluk, Bengal. She was 73 years old when she led a procession of 6,000 people to the police station holding the national flag. Even after being shot twice she continued to hold the flag until she fell dead.

Correct Answer: C. Nagaland/Northeast India

Rani Gaidinliu was a Naga spiritual and political leader who led the Heraka religious and nationalist movement against British rule in Nagaland and Northeast India. She was arrested at the age of 16 in 1932 and sentenced to life imprisonment. Jawaharlal Nehru gave her the title 'Rani' after her release in 1947. She is a revered figure symbolizing resistance against colonial rule.

Correct Answer: B. A woman soldier who resembled and fought in place of Rani Lakshmibai

Jhalkari Bai was a brave woman soldier in the Durga Dal (women's army) of Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi who bore a striking resemblance to the Rani. She reportedly disguised herself as Rani Lakshmibai and fought in her place to allow the Rani to escape when Jhansi was captured. She is especially venerated in the Dalit community and in the Bundelkhand region.

Correct Answer: B. Salt Satyagraha and Civil Disobedience Movement

Kamala Nehru, wife of Jawaharlal Nehru, actively participated in the Salt Satyagraha and Civil Disobedience Movement, picketing foreign cloth shops and participating in hartals. She was imprisoned multiple times for her nationalist activities. Her health deteriorated due to tuberculosis worsened by imprisonment conditions. She died in Lausanne, Switzerland in February 1936 at the age of 36.

Correct Answer: C. 1925

Sarojini Naidu became the first Indian woman to serve as President of the Indian National Congress in 1925, breaking a major gender barrier in Indian politics. She was already renowned as the 'Nightingale of India' for her distinguished poetry. She was a close associate of Mahatma Gandhi and participated in the Dandi March in 1930. After independence she served as Governor of Uttar Pradesh.

Correct Answer: B. 1824

Kittur Chennamma, the queen of Kittur in present-day Karnataka, led an armed rebellion against the British East India Company in 1824 when they tried to annex her kingdom. She defeated the British forces in the first battle and killed Political Agent St. John Thackeray. She was eventually captured and imprisoned in Bailhongal fort, where she died in 1829. She is one of the earliest queens to resist British rule.

Correct Answer: B. Stuttgart International Socialist Congress 1907

Bhikaji Cama unfurled the first version of the Indian national flag at the International Socialist Congress in Stuttgart, Germany in 1907, declaring India's demand for freedom before an international audience. The flag, designed jointly by her and others, had green, saffron, and red stripes. She spent most of her life in exile in Europe continuing nationalist activities. She is called the 'Mother of Indian Revolution'.

Correct Answer: C. Quit India Movement 1942

Usha Mehta operated the Congress Radio, a secret underground radio station during the Quit India Movement of 1942 to spread the message of freedom when the British had arrested all major leaders. The station broadcast nationalist messages for about three months before she was arrested. She was sentenced to four years in prison. She later received the Padma Vibhushan for her services to the nation.

Correct Answer: B. Pahartali European Club

Pritilata Waddedar led the attack on the Pahartali European Club in Chittagong on September 23, 1932, as part of the revolutionary activities associated with Surya Sen's Chittagong armoury raid group. When the attack failed and she was surrounded by police, she swallowed potassium cyanide rather than face capture. She was only 21 years old and became one of India's youngest female martyrs.

Correct Answer: B. Chittagong revolutionary group under Surya Sen

Kalpana Datta was a key member of the Chittagong revolutionary group under Surya Sen (Masterda) and participated in the Chittagong Armoury Raid of 1930. She was arrested in 1933 and sentenced to transportation for life (later commuted). After independence she became a member of the Communist Party of India and continued her public life. She is honored as one of the brave women revolutionaries of Bengal.