Circuits
Physics · परिपथ · 15 facts
Circuit: closed loop for current from source through components
Open: no current; Closed: current flows; Short: excess current danger
Components: cell, resistor, switch, bulb, ammeter, voltmeter, fuse
Ammeter: series (low R); Voltmeter: parallel (high R)
Rheostat: variable resistor controlling current
Wheatstone Bridge: precise unknown resistance measurement
Potentiometer: EMF measurement without drawing current
EMF: total cell voltage including internal resistance
Three-pin: Live(red), Neutral(black), Earth(green-safety)
Domestic parallel wiring: each appliance full voltage, independent
Circuit diagram uses standard symbols for each component
Series circuit: if one component fails, entire circuit breaks
Kirchhoff's Current Law: total current into node = total current out of node
Kirchhoff's Voltage Law: sum of voltages in any closed loop = zero
Fuse: thin wire melts when excess current flows; protects circuit