Thermodynamics
Physics · ऊष्मागतिकी · 12 facts
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Thermodynamics: study of heat, work, energy transformation
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0th Law: A in equilibrium with B and C means B and C in equilibrium
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1st Law: energy not created/destroyed; Q = U + W
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2nd Law (Clausius): heat cannot spontaneously flow cold to hot
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2nd Law (Kelvin): no engine converts 100% heat to work
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3rd Law: at 0K, entropy of perfect crystal is zero
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Entropy: disorder measure; always increases in natural processes
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Specific heat: water highest (4186 J/kgC); moderates climate
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Latent heat: fusion 334 kJ/kg; vaporization 2260 kJ/kg
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Refrigerator: external work moves heat cold to hot
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Carnot engine: ideal max efficiency; n = 1 - T2/T1
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Water high specific heat: coastal areas have mild climate