Waves Basics
Physics · तरंगों की मूल बातें · 11 facts
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Wave: disturbance transferring energy without moving matter
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Mechanical waves need medium; EM waves do not
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Transverse: perpendicular vibration (light, water surface)
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Longitudinal: parallel vibration (sound in air)
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Wavelength: distance between consecutive crests/troughs
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v = f x wavelength (speed = frequency x wavelength)
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Amplitude: max displacement; determines wave energy
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Superposition: waves meet, result = sum of displacements
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Constructive interference: larger amplitude; Destructive: cancellation
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Standing wave: two opposite waves; nodes and antinodes
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Diffraction: wave bending around obstacles/narrow openings