DPSP & Duties
Indian Polity · नीति निदेशक और कर्तव्य · 19 facts
DPSP are NOT justiciable but are 'fundamental in governance'
Fundamental Duties are also NOT justiciable — no penalty for violation
Duties apply ONLY to citizens, not foreigners
Swaran Singh Committee recommended Fundamental Duties
Article 39A (Free Legal Aid) was added by 42nd Amendment
Uniform Civil Code (Art 44) is DPSP — not yet implemented nationwide
DPSP = Part IV (Articles 36-51), borrowed from Ireland
DPSP are NOT justiciable but fundamental in governance
3 categories: Socialist, Gandhian, Liberal-intellectual
Article 39: Equal pay for equal work
Article 40: Panchayati Raj (Gandhian)
Article 44: Uniform Civil Code (not yet implemented nationwide)
Article 48: Ban cow slaughter (Gandhian DPSP)
Fundamental Duties = Part IVA, Article 51A
Added by 42nd Amendment (1976), Swaran Singh Committee
Originally 10 duties, now 11 (11th by 86th Amendment, 2002)
Fundamental Duties are also NOT justiciable
Duties apply to citizens only, NOT to foreigners
Champakam (1951): FR > DPSP, Minerva Mills (1980): FR = DPSP (harmony)