Schedules & Sources
Indian Polity · अनुसूचियां और स्रोत
📋Quick Overview
The Indian Constitution originally had 8 Schedules, now it has 12 Schedules. Schedules are like appendices/tables that give extra details about provisions in the main Articles. The 7th Schedule is the most important for exams — it divides subjects between Union, State, and Concurrent Lists. The Constitution also draws features from many countries, making it a unique blend.
📖All 12 Schedules
| Schedule | Content | Key Detail |
|---|---|---|
| 1st | Names of States & UTs | Currently 28 States + 8 UTs |
| 2nd | Salaries of President, PM, Governors, Judges, CAG, etc. | Emoluments of key officials |
| 3rd | Oaths & Affirmations | For President, Ministers, MPs, Judges, CAG |
| 4th | Allocation of Rajya Sabha seats to States/UTs | Based on population — UP has most (31) |
| 5th | Administration of Scheduled Areas & Tribes | Applies to states other than NE (Assam, Meghalaya, etc.) |
| 6th | Administration of Tribal Areas in NE states | Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, Mizoram |
| 7th | Union List, State List, Concurrent List | MOST IMPORTANT — 3 lists dividing powers |
| 8th | 22 Official Languages | Originally 14, now 22 languages |
| 9th | Land Reform laws (immune from judicial review) | Added by 1st Amendment (1951) |
| 10th | Anti-Defection Law | Added by 52nd Amendment (1985) |
| 11th | Panchayati Raj (29 subjects) | Added by 73rd Amendment (1992) |
| 12th | Municipalities (18 subjects) | Added by 74th Amendment (1992) |
📖7th Schedule — Three Lists (Most Asked!)
| List | Who Makes Laws | Subjects (Current) | Key Subjects |
|---|---|---|---|
| Union List | Only Parliament | 100 (originally 97) | Defence, Atomic energy, Foreign affairs, Railways, Banking, RBI, Census, Post office, Telecom, Income Tax |
| State List | Only State Legislature | 61 (originally 66) | Police, Public health, Agriculture, Land, Prisons, Local govt, State tax, Liquor, Betting |
| Concurrent List | Both Parliament & State | 52 (originally 47) | Education, Forest, Marriage, Bankruptcy, Trade unions, Electricity, Drugs, Criminal Law, Population control |
In Concurrent List, if Centre & State laws conflict → Central law prevails. Residuary powers go to Centre (like USA goes to States, India goes to Centre — borrowed from Canada).
📝Exam Trap — Which Subject in Which List?
- •Education → Concurrent List (moved from State List by 42nd Amendment)
- •Forest & Wildlife → Concurrent List (moved from State List by 42nd Amendment)
- •Agriculture → State List
- •Police → State List
- •Defence → Union List
- •Banking → Union List
- •Criminal Law (IPC/BNS) → Concurrent List
📖8th Schedule — 22 Languages
Originally 14 languages in 1950. Sindhi added (21st Amendment, 1967). Konkani, Manipuri, Nepali added (71st Amendment, 1992). Bodo, Dogri, Maithili, Santhali added (92nd Amendment, 2003). Total now = 22. English is NOT in the 8th Schedule.
English is NOT in the 8th Schedule — this is a very common exam trap!
📝"First / Only" — Quick Facts
- •FIRST schedule added after 1950 → 9th Schedule (1st Amendment, 1951)
- •LAST schedule added → 12th Schedule (74th Amendment, 1992)
- •ONLY schedule dealing with anti-defection → 10th Schedule
- •Schedule with MOST exam questions → 7th Schedule (three lists)