Land Measurement (Bigha, Acre)
Revenue & Panchayati Raj · भूमि माप (बीघा, एकड़) · 18 facts
1 Hectare = 10,000 square meters = 2.471 Acres; standard metric unit for agricultural land measurement internationally.
1 Acre = 4840 square yards = 43,560 square feet = 0.405 hectares; commonly used in India, USA, and UK.
Bigha (UP/Bihar): 1 Bigha = 0.625 acres; varies by state; in UP, 1 Bigha = 20 Kattha; common in North India.
Bigha (Rajasthan): 1 Bigha = 2500 square yards (0.52 acres); different from UP/Bihar bigha.
Bigha (West Bengal): 1 Bigha = 14,400 square feet (1/3 acre); used in Bengal, Assam; subdivided into Katha and Chhatak.
Kattha (Bihar): 1 Kattha = 1/20 Bigha = 750 sq ft approximately; 20 Kattha = 1 Bigha in Bihar.
Dhur (Bihar): Smallest unit; 1 Dhur = 1/20 Kattha = 68.0625 sq ft; 20 Dhur = 1 Kattha; 400 Dhur = 1 Bigha.
Guntha (Maharashtra): 1 Guntha = 1/40 Acre = 1089 sq ft; 40 Guntha = 1 Acre; used in Maharashtra, Karnataka.
Marla (Punjab): 1 Marla = 272.25 sq ft = 30.25 sq yards; 20 Marla = 1 Kanal; 8 Kanal = 1 Acre.
Cent (Tamil Nadu/Kerala): 1 Cent = 1/100 Acre = 435.6 sq ft; 100 Cent = 1 Acre; common in south India for residential plots.
Ground (Tamil Nadu/Chennai): 1 Ground = 2400 sq ft = 5.5 Cent; used for urban properties in Tamil Nadu.
Ankanam (Andhra Pradesh/Telangana): 1 Ankanam = 72 sq ft; 16 Ankanam = 1 Cent; Gunta = 40 Ankanam.
Kottah (Bengal/Assam): 1 Kottah = 720 sq ft; 20 Kottah = 1 Bigha (Bengal); used for small plots.
Kanal (Punjab/J&K): 1 Kanal = 5445 sq ft = 20 Marla = 1/8 Acre; commonly used in North India for land measurement.
Survey of India: National mapping agency; HQ Dehradun; responsible for national mapping, Survey of India maps; established 1767 (oldest scientific department in India).
GPS-based measurement: Modern land measurement uses DGPS (Differential GPS) and Total Station for accuracy; reduces measurement disputes.
Khasra number: Survey number given to each field/plot; shown on maps; basis for all land records; each plot has unique khasra number.
Conversion reference: 1 Acre = 0.4047 Ha; 1 Ha = 10,000 sqm; 1 sq km = 100 Ha = 247 acres = 1,000,000 sqm; commonly needed for exam MCQs.