Cyber Security — Set 4

Correct Answer: C. To detect and remove malicious software

Antivirus software scans files and programs for known signatures of malware. Modern versions also use heuristic analysis to detect new and unknown threats based on their behavior. It is a fundamental component of personal computer security.

Correct Answer: D. Data being subject to the laws of the country where it is located

Data sovereignty is a critical issue for cloud computing and international business. It means that the legal protections and access rights for data depend on geographical location. Many organizations choose local data centers to comply with national sovereignty laws.

Correct Answer: C. Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability

The CIA Triad is a model designed to guide policies for information security within an organization. Confidentiality ensures privacy, Integrity ensures data accuracy, and Availability ensures data is accessible when needed. Balancing these three elements is a core challenge for security professionals.

Correct Answer: D. Dictionary Attack

A dictionary attack uses a list of common words, names, and variations to guess a password. It is much faster than a pure brute force attack that tries every possible character combination. Using random strings of characters makes this type of attack ineffective.

Correct Answer: A. To act as an intermediary between a user and the internet

A proxy server can hide a user's IP address from the websites they visit. It can also be used to filter content and speed up access by caching frequently used data. Organizations often use proxies to monitor employee web usage.

Correct Answer: B. Modifying one's own body with electronic implants

Bio-hacking often involves sub-dermal implants like RFID chips that can be used for authentication or access control. While it sounds futuristic, it raises significant ethical and security concerns. Some enthusiasts use it to interact with smart home devices directly.

Correct Answer: B. Testing software with full knowledge of the internal code and structure

White box testing allows a security analyst to examine the code line-by-line for potential vulnerabilities. This is more thorough than 'black box testing,' where the analyst only sees the external interface. It is a critical part of the software development lifecycle.

Correct Answer: A. Unsecured public Wi-Fi

In a MitM attack, the hacker secretly relays and possibly alters the communication between two parties. Unsecured public Wi-Fi in cafes or airports is a prime location for such interceptions. Using a VPN is the best defense when connecting to public networks.

Correct Answer: B. The process of uncovering and interpreting data from digital devices after a crime

Digital forensics experts use specialized tools to recover deleted files and track user activity. Their findings are often used as evidence in legal proceedings. This field is essential for investigating financial fraud, data breaches, and other cybercrimes.

Correct Answer: B. A part of the internet that is hidden and requires specific software to access

The Dark Web is often accessed using the Tor browser to maintain high levels of anonymity. While used for legitimate privacy reasons, it is also a hub for illegal markets and forums. It is distinct from the 'Deep Web,' which simply refers to non-indexed web pages.