Nanotechnology
Technology · नैनो प्रौद्योगिकी
📋Quick Overview
Nanotechnology is the manipulation of matter at the nanoscale (1-100 nanometers). 1 nanometer = 10⁻⁹ meters (one-billionth of a meter). Richard Feynman is considered the father of nanotechnology (1959 lecture 'There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom'). The term 'nanotechnology' was coined by Norio Taniguchi in 1974. India launched the Nano Mission in 2007 under DST.
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1 nanometer = 10⁻⁹ meters = one-billionth of a meter (a human hair is ~80,000 nm wide)
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Richard Feynman: "Father of Nanotechnology" — 1959 lecture at Caltech
📖Applications of Nanotechnology
| Field | Application | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Medicine | Drug delivery, cancer treatment | Nano-drugs target specific cells |
| Electronics | Smaller chips, quantum dots | Nano-transistors in modern CPUs |
| Energy | Solar cells, batteries | Carbon nanotubes improve efficiency |
| Textiles | Stain-resistant, antibacterial | Nano-silver coated fabrics |
| Environment | Water purification, pollution control | Nano-filters remove contaminants |
| Food | Packaging, preservation | Nano-coatings extend shelf life |
📝Key Concepts
- •Carbon Nanotubes (CNT): cylindrical nanostructures — 100x stronger than steel, excellent conductors
- •Graphene: single layer of carbon atoms — strongest material known, excellent conductor
- •Quantum Dots: semiconductor nanocrystals used in displays and medical imaging
- •Fullerene (C60): spherical carbon molecule discovered by Kroto, Curl, Smalley (Nobel 1996)
- •India Nano Mission (2007): under Dept of Science & Technology (DST)
- •Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM): can image and manipulate individual atoms