Submarines
Technology · पनडुब्बियां
📋Quick Overview
India operates submarines for the Indian Navy under both conventional (diesel-electric) and nuclear-powered categories. INS Arihant is India's first indigenous nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine (SSBN), making India one of only 6 countries with nuclear submarine capability. India's submarine fleet is based at Visakhapatnam (Eastern Naval Command).
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INS Arihant (2016): India's first indigenous nuclear submarine (SSBN), part of India's nuclear triad
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India has nuclear triad: Land (Agni), Air (fighter jets), Sea (INS Arihant) — can launch nuclear weapons from all three
📖Indian Submarines
| Submarine | Type | Origin | Key Fact |
|---|---|---|---|
| INS Arihant | SSBN (Nuclear) | India | First indigenous nuclear sub, K-15 missiles |
| INS Arighat | SSBN (Nuclear) | India | Second Arihant-class SSBN (2024) |
| INS Chakra | SSN (Nuclear) | Russia (leased) | Akula-class, leased from Russia for training |
| INS Kalvari | SSK (Diesel) | France/India | Scorpene-class, built at Mazagon Dock, Mumbai |
| INS Vagir | SSK (Diesel) | France/India | 5th Scorpene-class submarine |
| INS Sindhughosh | SSK (Diesel) | Russia | Kilo-class, backbone of submarine fleet |
| INS Vagsheer | SSK (Diesel) | France/India | 6th and last Scorpene-class (2024) |
📝Key Facts
- •SSBN = Ship Submersible Ballistic Nuclear; SSN = Ship Submersible Nuclear; SSK = Ship Submersible Killer (diesel)
- •Scorpene-class: 6 submarines built at Mazagon Dock, Mumbai under Project-75
- •Project-75I: next-generation submarine program for 6 conventional submarines with AIP
- •AIP = Air Independent Propulsion — allows diesel subs to stay underwater longer
- •Nuclear triad completes with INS Arihant — India can now strike from land, air, and sea
- •Visakhapatnam: headquarters of Eastern Naval Command and submarine base