Nervous System — Set 1
Biology · तंत्रिका तंत्र · Questions 1–10 of 50
Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for maintaining posture and body equilibrium?
Correct Answer: B. Cerebellum
The cerebellum coordinates voluntary movements and balance. It receives information from the sensory systems to regulate motor movements. Alcohol often affects this part first, leading to loss of coordination.
Which of the following acts as the structural and functional unit of the nervous system?
Correct Answer: B. Neuron
A neuron is the specialized cell designed to transmit nerve impulses. It is composed of a cell body, dendrites, and an axon. Humans have billions of neurons that form the complex communication network.
Which part of the human brain controls vital involuntary activities like heartbeat and respiration?
Correct Answer: A. Medulla Oblongata
The medulla oblongata connects the brain to the spinal cord and manages autonomic functions. It contains centers for cardiac, respiratory, and vasomotor functions. Damage to this part is often fatal because it stops breathing.
The space between two neurons through which an impulse passes is called a?
Correct Answer: B. Synapse
A synapse is the microscopic gap where chemical signals are transferred between neurons. Neurotransmitters are released here to continue the signal to the next cell. This junction ensures the one-way flow of nerve impulses.
Which chemical substance is used to transmit signals across a synapse?
Correct Answer: D. Neurotransmitter
Neurotransmitters are endogenous chemicals that enable neurotransmission. Acetylcholine and Dopamine are well-known examples of these signaling molecules. They play a crucial role in shaping everyday life and functions.
How many pairs of cranial nerves are present in the human body?
Correct Answer: C. 12 pairs
There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves that emerge directly from the brain. These nerves primarily serve the head and neck regions for sensory and motor functions. The Vagus nerve is the longest cranial nerve extending into the abdomen.
The outermost protective membrane covering the brain and spinal cord is the?
Correct Answer: A. Dura mater
The dura mater is the tough, fibrous layer of the meninges. It provides a durable protection for the delicate central nervous system. The term 'Dura mater' literally means 'Tough Mother' in Latin.
Which system is responsible for the 'Fight or Flight' response in humans?
Correct Answer: A. Sympathetic system
The sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for stressful or emergency situations. It increases the heart rate and dilates the pupils for better alertness. This is a division of the Autonomic Nervous System.
Which part of the brain is the main center for sensory processing and intelligence?
Correct Answer: D. Cerebrum
The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain and controls higher-order functions. It is responsible for memory, reasoning, speech, and conscious thought. It is divided into two hemispheres connected by the corpus callosum.
The fatty insulating layer that covers the axon of many neurons is called?
Correct Answer: C. Myelin sheath
The myelin sheath increases the speed at which electrical impulses travel along the nerve. It is formed by Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system. Gaps in this sheath are known as the Nodes of Ranvier.