Nutrition Basics — Set 1
Biology · पोषण की मूल बातें · Questions 1–10 of 50
Which nutrient is known as the primary 'fuel' for the human brain and the nervous system?
Correct Answer: D. Glucose
Glucose is the simplest carbohydrate and the preferred energy source for brain cells. The brain requires a continuous supply of glucose to maintain cognitive functions and alertness. It is derived primarily from the breakdown of dietary carbohydrates.
What is the primary role of 'Roughage' or dietary fiber in our nutrition?
Correct Answer: A. Assisting in bowel movement
The correct answer is 'Assisting in bowel movement'. Dietary fiber adds bulk to the food and helps it pass smoothly through the digestive system. It is found in plant-based foods like whole grains, fruits, and vegetables. Fiber also helps in preventing constipation and maintaining gut health.
Which vitamin is essential for the synthesis of prothrombin, a protein required for blood clotting?
Correct Answer: D. Vitamin K
Vitamin K acts as a cofactor for enzymes involved in the blood coagulation cascade. Without this vitamin, even small injuries could lead to excessive bleeding. It is synthesized by bacteria in the human colon and found in leafy greens.
Which mineral is a vital component of the thyroid hormone 'thyroxine'?
Correct Answer: D. Iodine
Iodine is absorbed from the diet to produce hormones that regulate the body's metabolism. A deficiency in iodine can lead to the enlargement of the thyroid gland, known as goitre. Iodized salt is the most common dietary source of this mineral.
What is the primary function of 'Casein', which is found in abundance in milk?
Correct Answer: C. Protein supplementation
Casein is a slow-digesting phosphoprotein that provides essential amino acids for growth and repair. It is what gives milk its characteristic white color. It is widely used in the food industry for its high nutritional value.
Which of the following is considered a 'Macro-mineral' required by the human body in larger amounts?
Correct Answer: D. Calcium
Calcium is needed in significant quantities for the health of bones and teeth. It also plays a critical role in muscle contraction and nerve signaling. Dairy products and leafy vegetables are rich sources of this macro-mineral.
The deficiency of which vitamin is responsible for the disease known as 'Pellagra'?
Correct Answer: C. Vitamin B3
Vitamin B3, also known as Niacin, is crucial for energy metabolism and nervous system health. Pellagra is characterized by symptoms like dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia. It was historically common in populations whose diet was largely based on corn.
Which nutrient provides the highest amount of energy per gram when oxidized in the body?
Correct Answer: C. Fats
Fats provide approximately 9 calories per gram, which is more than double the energy from carbohydrates or proteins. They serve as a concentrated energy reserve and help in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins. Excess energy from food is stored in the body primarily as adipose tissue.
What is the common name for Vitamin B2, which helps in energy production and cellular function?
Correct Answer: A. Riboflavin
Riboflavin is a water-soluble vitamin that is essential for the breakdown of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. It also helps maintain healthy skin and eye function. A deficiency can cause inflammation of the mouth and skin cracks.
Which of the following describes 'Marasmus', a condition often seen in undernourished children?
Correct Answer: B. Severe protein-calorie malnutrition
Marasmus occurs when a diet is deficient in both total calories and proteins. It leads to extreme weight loss, muscle wasting, and a 'shriveled' appearance. It is distinct from Kwashiorkor, which is primarily a protein deficiency.