Nutrition Basics — Set 2

Correct Answer: B. Fish Oil

Fish oil contains EPA and DHA, which are essential polyunsaturated fatty acids. These fats help reduce inflammation and lower the risk of cardiovascular diseases. They are considered 'essential' because the human body cannot produce them.

Correct Answer: B. Transporting oxygen

Hemoglobin is an iron-rich protein found in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to tissues. Iron from our diet is a core component required to manufacture this protein. A lack of dietary iron leads to anemia and fatigue.

Correct Answer: A. Vitamin D

Vitamin D is produced when UV rays strike the skin and trigger the synthesis of cholecalciferol. It is necessary for the absorption of calcium and phosphorus from the gut. It is often referred to as the 'sunshine vitamin'.

Correct Answer: D. Proteins

Proteins are made of amino acids which are used to construct various regulatory molecules. They are essential for growth, tissue repair, and the maintenance of lean body mass. Dietary proteins can be found in pulses, meat, eggs, and nuts.

Correct Answer: D. Ascorbic acid

Ascorbic acid is a powerful antioxidant that helps in collagen synthesis and immune function. It also enhances the absorption of non-heme iron from plant foods. Unlike most animals, humans cannot synthesize Vitamin C and must get it from food.

Correct Answer: C. Potassium

Potassium is an electrolyte that helps maintain the electrical gradient across cell membranes. This gradient is essential for nerve impulse transmission and muscle contraction. Banana and coconut water are excellent dietary sources of potassium.

Correct Answer: A. Night Blindness

Vitamin A is required for the production of rhodopsin, a pigment in the retina that allows vision in the dark. A lack of this vitamin leads to xerophthalmia and difficulty seeing at night. Carrots and leafy greens are high in Beta-carotene, a precursor to Vitamin A.

Correct Answer: C. Protecting cells from damage

Antioxidants neutralize free radicals that can cause oxidative stress and damage to cells. They are found in colorful fruits, vegetables, and nuts. This protection helps in reducing the risk of chronic diseases.

Correct Answer: D. Vitamin B Complex

Vitamin B Complex and Vitamin C are not stored in the body's fat tissues and are excreted through urine. Therefore, a regular daily intake through diet is necessary to avoid deficiencies. Fat-soluble vitamins, by contrast, can be stored in the liver.

Correct Answer: D. Calcium

Calcium accounts for about 99 percent of the mineral content in human bones and teeth. It provides the rigid structure needed for movement and protection of organs. Vitamin D is required to facilitate the effective absorption of this mineral.