Plant Classification — Set 2

Correct Answer: C. Gymnosperms

Sequoia or the giant redwood is a gymnosperm and is one of the tallest tree species in the world. Gymnosperms are generally perennial, woody, and evergreen in nature. They are well-adapted to survive in cold and dry climates.

Correct Answer: D. Phanerogams

Phanerogams are plants with well-differentiated reproductive tissues that eventually produce seeds. This group is further divided into gymnosperms and angiosperms based on seed exposure. Seeds contain the embryo along with stored food for initial growth.

Correct Answer: A. Reticulate venation

Dicot plants typically exhibit reticulate venation, where veins form a net-like pattern on the leaf. Monocots, conversely, usually show parallel venation where veins run straight along the leaf. This distinction is a key morphological marker in botany.

Correct Answer: C. Thallophyta

Spirogyra and Ulothrix are types of green algae belonging to the division Thallophyta. They have a simple multicellular body without specialized tissues for conduction. Spirogyra is well-known for its spiral-shaped chloroplasts.

Correct Answer: A. Xylem and Phloem

Xylem and Phloem are the complex tissues responsible for the transport of water and food respectively. They are present in pteridophytes, gymnosperms, and angiosperms. These tissues allow plants to grow much taller and survive on land.

Correct Answer: C. Ginkgo biloba

Ginkgo biloba is called a living fossil because it is the only surviving member of its ancient order. It has remained relatively unchanged for millions of years. It is easily recognized by its unique fan-shaped leaves.

Correct Answer: A. Pteridophyta

The correct answer is 'Pteridophyta'. Ferns are the most common pteridophytes and are often used as ornamental plants. They have well-differentiated roots, stems, and leaves called fronds. They require a moist and shady environment to complete their life cycle.

Correct Answer: D. Mustard

Mustard is a dicot plant and typically possesses a taproot system with a main central root. Monocots like wheat or maize usually have a fibrous root system. Taproots can grow deep into the soil to provide better anchorage and nutrient absorption.

Correct Answer: B. Autotrophic

The correct answer is 'Autotrophic'. Plants are autotrophs as they produce their own food using sunlight via photosynthesis. They contain chlorophyll which is essential for capturing light energy. This ability makes them the primary producers in most ecosystems.

Correct Answer: A. Ovary

The ovary ripens and develops into a fruit, while the ovules develop into seeds. Fruits protect the seeds and often aid in their dispersal to new locations. This structure is a defining feature of the angiosperm group.