DPSP & Fundamental Duties — Set 8
Constitution Special · DPSP और मूल कर्तव्य · Questions 71–80 of 160
Article 39(a) guarantees to all citizens?
Correct Answer: B. Adequate means of livelihood
Article 39(a) directs the State to direct its policy towards securing that the citizens, men and women equally, have the right to an adequate means of livelihood. This relates to providing employment opportunities and economic support so that all citizens can sustain themselves. The MGNREGA (Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act) is an example of implementing this directive.
The Fundamental Duty to 'value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture' is in?
Correct Answer: C. Article 51A(f)
Article 51A(f) requires every citizen to value and preserve the rich heritage of India's composite culture. This duty acknowledges India's diverse cultural traditions and asks citizens to honour and protect this cultural diversity. 'Composite culture' refers to the syncretic tradition that developed from the interaction of various religious, linguistic, and cultural groups.
The DPSPs are described as the 'conscience of the Constitution'. Who said this?
Correct Answer: C. Granville Austin
Constitutional historian Granville Austin described the Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles together as the 'conscience of the Constitution'. He argued they were the basis of India's social revolution. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar said DPSPs were the novel feature of the Constitution, while the Preamble represents the goals of the Constitution.
Article 39(c) directs the State to ensure that?
Correct Answer: B. Operation of the economic system does not result in concentration of wealth and means of production to the common detriment
Article 39(c) directs the State to direct its policy towards securing that the operation of the economic system does not result in the concentration of wealth and means of production to the common detriment. This DPSP favours a mixed economy approach and was used as the basis for nationalisation policies and anti-monopoly legislation. Understanding this constitutional provision is essential for competitive examinations and civic awareness.
Which Article requires every citizen to perform his duty to defend the country and render national service when called upon?
Correct Answer: D. Article 51A(d)
Article 51A(d) requires every citizen to defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so. This is the most militarily significant Fundamental Duty. It forms the constitutional basis for compulsory military service if the State were to legislate for it, though India currently does not have mandatory military conscription.
Article 36 defines 'State' for Part IV. Compared to Article 12 (Part III), Article 36 says?
Correct Answer: B. Unless the context otherwise requires, 'State' has the same meaning as in Part III
Article 36 states: 'In this Part, unless the context otherwise requires, 'State' has the same meaning as in Part III.' This means the definition of 'State' under Article 12 (which includes Government, Parliament, State Legislatures, and local or other authorities) applies to DPSP provisions as well. Thus DPSPs bind the same entities as Fundamental Rights.
When a conflict arises between a Fundamental Right and a Directive Principle, which principle applies?
Correct Answer: C. Courts harmonise both — Fundamental Rights prevail unless restricted by Art 31C etc.
The general rule is that Fundamental Rights prevail over Directive Principles. However, under Article 31C (as validated by Kesavananda Bharati), laws implementing DPSPs under Articles 39(b) and 39(c) are protected from challenge under Articles 14 and 19. Courts try to harmonise both — as stated in Minerva Mills (1980), neither is absolute. Both are complementary.
Which Fundamental Duty requires citizens to abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions?
Correct Answer: A. Article 51A(a)
Article 51A(a) requires every citizen to abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem. This is considered the most fundamental of all the Fundamental Duties as it creates the basic obligation of citizens towards their Constitution and national symbols. Understanding this constitutional provision is essential for competitive examinations and civic awareness.
Article 51A(k) — the 11th Fundamental Duty — was added by the 86th Amendment. It requires parents to?
Correct Answer: B. Provide opportunities for education to children between 6 and 14 years of age
Article 51A(k), added by the 86th Amendment (2002), requires every parent or guardian to provide opportunities for education to the child or ward between the age of 6 and 14 years. This duty corresponds with Article 21A (Right to Education). It imposes a complementary obligation on parents alongside the State's duty to provide free and compulsory education.
The 'Gandhian' Directive Principles include provisions about?
Correct Answer: B. Village panchayats, cottage industries, and prohibition of intoxicants
Certain DPSPs are classified as 'Gandhian' because they reflect Mahatma Gandhi's vision of India. These include: Article 40 (Village Panchayats), Article 43 (cottage industries and living wage), Article 46 (upliftment of weaker sections), Article 47 (prohibition of intoxicating drinks), and Article 48 (cattle preservation). These reflect Gandhi's emphasis on rural self-sufficiency and upliftment.