DPSP & Fundamental Duties — Set 9
Constitution Special · DPSP और मूल कर्तव्य · Questions 81–90 of 160
Article 43B (inserted by 97th Amendment, 2011) directs the State to?
Correct Answer: B. Promote cooperative societies
Article 43B was inserted by the 97th Amendment of 2011 to direct the State to endeavour to promote voluntary formation, autonomous functioning, democratic control, and professional management of cooperative societies. This was part of giving constitutional status to cooperative societies through the same amendment that added Part IXB. The power to amend the Constitution is a special power that cannot be used to destroy its basic structure.
The relationship between Fundamental Rights and DPSPs was best described in Minerva Mills case as?
Correct Answer: C. Both are complementary and essential; neither is absolute
In Minerva Mills v Union of India (1980), the Supreme Court held that both Fundamental Rights and DPSPs are essential features of the Constitution. They are complementary, not contradictory. The Constitution aims to achieve the goals of DPSPs through means that respect Fundamental Rights. Neither Part III nor Part IV can claim absolute supremacy — both must be given effect together.
Article 51A(i) requires citizens to safeguard?
Correct Answer: B. Public property and to abjure violence
Article 51A(i) requires every citizen to safeguard public property and to abjure violence. This duty obligates citizens to protect government property from destruction and vandalism, and to refrain from violent activities. It has been used by courts to impose liability on agitators who destroy public property during demonstrations or protests.
Article 51A(j) requires citizens to strive towards excellence. This applies to?
Correct Answer: B. Individual and collective activities in all spheres of national life
Article 51A(j) requires every citizen to strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavour and achievement. This is the most aspirational Fundamental Duty — it calls for citizens to continuously improve themselves in all aspects of life for the collective benefit of the nation. Understanding this constitutional provision is essential for competitive examinations and civic awareness.
The DPSP to prevent concentration of wealth (Article 39(c)) is classified under which type of DPSPs?
Correct Answer: B. Socialistic Directive Principles
DPSPs are often classified into three categories. Socialistic Directive Principles (Articles 38, 39, 39A, 41, 42, 43, 43A, 47) relate to social and economic rights — like right to work, equal wages, and preventing wealth concentration. Gandhian Principles include village panchayats, cottage industries, prohibition. Liberal-Intellectual includes uniform civil code, separation of judiciary, protection of monuments, international peace.
When was the Part IV of the Constitution (Directive Principles of State Policy) last significantly amended?
Correct Answer: D. 2011 (97th Amendment)
The Directive Principles of State Policy in Part IV were last significantly amended by the 97th Amendment of 2011 which inserted Article 43B (regarding cooperative societies) and the 42nd Amendment of 1976 which inserted Articles 39A, 43A, and 48A. Earlier amendments included changes to Article 45 by the 86th Amendment (2002). Understanding this constitutional provision is essential for competitive examinations and civic awareness.
The DPSP in Article 44 (Uniform Civil Code) has been discussed in relation to which personal law matters?
Correct Answer: B. Marriage, divorce, succession, adoption, and maintenance across religions
The Uniform Civil Code (Article 44) would, if implemented, replace personal laws based on religious texts with a common law for all citizens on matters like marriage, divorce, succession, adoption, and maintenance. Currently different religious communities are governed by different personal laws — Hindu Law, Muslim Personal Law, Christian Law, etc. Understanding this constitutional provision is essential for competitive examinations and civic awareness.
The Directive Principles in Articles 39(b) and 39(c) specifically protect distribution of?
Correct Answer: B. Ownership and control of material resources of the community
Article 39(b) directs the State to ensure that ownership and control of the material resources of the community are so distributed as best to subserve the common good. Article 39(c) directs that the operation of the economic system does not result in concentration of wealth and means of production to the common detriment. Together, they promote a more equitable economic order.
The first Fundamental Duty listed in Article 51A(a) is to?
Correct Answer: B. Abide by the Constitution and respect national symbols
Article 51A(a) is the first Fundamental Duty: to abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem. This duty sets the foundational obligation — before citizens can be asked to defend or uphold any other aspect of national life, they must first respect the Constitution and its associated symbols. Understanding this constitutional provision is essential for competitive examinations and civic awareness.
The National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) was established under the?
Correct Answer: A. Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987
The National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) was constituted under the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987 (came into force in 1995). It was established to implement Article 39A which directs the State to ensure equal justice and free legal aid. NALSA provides free and competent legal services to weaker sections of society and conducts Lok Adalats.