Governor Generals — Set 4

Correct Answer: A. Lord Wellesley

• **Lord Wellesley** = Lord Wellesley led the final campaign against Tipu Sultan, resulting in the fall of Seringapatam. • **1799** — This year marks the culmination of the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War and the death of Tipu Sultan. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Lord Cornwallis: He was Governor-General earlier and involved in the Third Anglo-Mysore War; Lord Minto I: He served as Governor-General much later (1807-1813); Lord Hastings: He was Governor-General even later (1813-1823), known for suppressing the Pindaris.

Correct Answer: C. Lord Willingdon

• **Lord Willingdon** = Lord Willingdon's term saw the implementation of repressive measures against the Civil Disobedience Movement. • **1932** — This year the Communal Award was announced, leading to Mahatma Gandhi's fast unto death and the subsequent Poona Pact. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Lord Irwin: He was Viceroy before Willingdon (1926-1931), associated with the Gandhi-Irwin Pact; Lord Linlithgow: He was Viceroy after Willingdon (1936-1943), associated with the August Offer; Lord Wavell: He was Viceroy much later (1943-1947), associated with the Wavell Plan.

Correct Answer: A. Lord Hastings

• **Lord Hastings** = Lord Hastings was the Governor-General when the Ryotwari system, establishing a direct settlement with individual cultivators, was implemented in Madras. • **1820** — This year is when the Ryotwari System, aiming to eliminate intermediaries like Zamindars, was introduced in Madras. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Thomas Munro: He was the Governor of Madras who implemented the system, but not the Governor-General of India; Lord Amherst: He was Governor-General after Hastings (1823-1828); Lord Bentinck: He was Governor-General after Amherst (1828-1835), known for social reforms.

Correct Answer: D. Lord Willingdon

• **Lord Willingdon** = Lord Willingdon took over from Lord Irwin just before the conference began and adopted a much harder stance against the Indian National Congress. • **1931** — This year, the Second Round Table Conference was held in London, attended by Mahatma Gandhi. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Lord Irwin: He was Viceroy before Willingdon, associated with the First Round Table Conference; Lord Linlithgow: He was Viceroy much later (1936-1943); Lord Reading: He was Viceroy earlier (1921-1926), associated with the Chauri Chaura incident.

Correct Answer: C. Lord Canning

• **Lord Canning** = Lord Canning's passage of this act was one of the many religious grievances that contributed to the 1857 Revolt. • **1856** — This year the General Service Enlistment Act was passed, requiring sepoys to serve overseas, which many considered a violation of their religious beliefs. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Lord Dalhousie: He was Viceroy before Canning (1848-1856), known for the Doctrine of Lapse; Lord Elgin: He was Viceroy after Canning (1862-1863); Lord Lawrence: He was Viceroy much later (1864-1869), known for his 'masterly inactivity' policy.

Correct Answer: D. Lord Lytton

• **Lord Lytton** = Lord Lytton organized a grand durbar while the country was suffering from a devastating famine, creating deep public resentment. • **1876** — This year the Royal Titles Act was passed, conferring the title 'Empress of India' (Kaiser-i-Hind) upon Queen Victoria. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Lord Mayo: He was Viceroy before Lytton (1869-1872); Lord Ripon: He was Viceroy after Lytton (1880-1884), known for local self-government; Lord Northbrook: He was Viceroy immediately before Lytton (1872-1876).

Correct Answer: C. Lord Auckland

• **Lord Auckland** = Lord Auckland encouraged the commercial cultivation of tea to compete with the Chinese monopoly, leading to the formation of the Assam Tea Company. • **1837** — This year marked the establishment of the first Tea Plantation in Assam, initiating India's tea industry. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Lord William Bentinck: He was Governor-General before Auckland (1828-1835); Lord Ellenborough: He was Governor-General after Auckland (1842-1844); Lord Hardinge I: He was Governor-General after Ellenborough (1844-1848).

Correct Answer: D. Lord Ripon

• **Lord Ripon** = Lord Ripon introduced this act as part of his humanitarian reforms to improve labor conditions, particularly for children. • **1881** — This year, the first Factory Act was passed, marking the first significant piece of industrial legislation in modern India. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Lord Lytton: He was Viceroy before Ripon (1876-1880); Lord Lansdowne: He was Viceroy after Ripon (1888-1894), known for the Second Factory Act of 1891; Lord Dufferin: He was Viceroy after Ripon (1884-1888), during whose tenure the Indian National Congress was formed.

Correct Answer: C. Lord Irwin

• **Lord Irwin** = Lord Irwin faced massive protests because the Simon Commission consisted only of British members, leading to the 'Go Back Simon' campaign. • **1927** — This year, the Simon Commission was appointed to review India's constitutional progress, leading to widespread boycotts. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Lord Reading: He was Viceroy before Irwin (1921-1926); Lord Willingdon: He was Viceroy after Irwin (1931-1936), associated with the Communal Award; Lord Linlithgow: He was Viceroy much later (1936-1943).

Correct Answer: D. Lord Hastings

• **Lord Hastings** = Lord Hastings successfully conducted campaigns to eliminate the predatory Pindari bands and defeated the Maratha Confederacy. • **Third Anglo-Maratha War** — This conflict (1817-1818) led to the complete subjugation of the Marathas and the final suppression of the Pindaris. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Lord Wellesley: He was Governor-General earlier (1798-1805), known for the Subsidiary Alliance; Lord William Bentinck: He was Governor-General later (1828-1835); Lord Amherst: He was Governor-General after Hastings (1823-1828).